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GARFIELD COUNTY BUILDING AND SANITATION DEPARTMENT
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109 8th Street Suite 303
Glenwood Springs, Co lo rado 81601
Phone (303) 945-8212
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL PERMIT
PROPERTY
Owner's Nam e _,b""-Lc.~""""=Cu.tL..__f-j£-LLJ,Le~.l>~Y'----Present Address 5 05 S t129J)y !...~,1, ~~~
System Location. 5tf~ fo ,.[l)fft, O)ll ?,IV;;J , Opffl @~t!..,..-CJ'L.
~~3-35.-o S<i Legal Description of Assessor's Parcel N0 ,,_
lX1 ~ G t:VV\p\\o\'\ r Lo-\ 3
I I
SYSTEM DESIGN
______ Septic Tank Capacity (gallon) ______ Other
______ Percolation Rate (minutes/inch) Number of Bedrooms (or other) ____ _
Required Absorption Area -See Attached
Special Setback Requirements:
Permit N: 3960
~ssessor'c; Parcftt No.
This does not constitute
a building o r use permit.
Phone 2 5 (e-.. 2.37-72 S?
Date _____________ In spector ___________________________ ___
FINAL SYSTEM INSPECTION AND APPROVAL (as installed)
Call for Inspection (24 hours notice) Before Covering Installation
Sy~em ln~aller ________________________ ~~~~---------------Septic~nkCapaci~---------~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;~~~~~~---------
Septic Tank Manufactu re r or Trade Name ----~~~..--------=------------------
Septic Tank Access within 8" of surface -------=Sc---:::7~~nfLf'--=-""-'t--=->'"-\A-----J-~-=-.!....!:=::~.~(-~.r&:-£dl..>~-~~~:.------------
Absorption Area -----------------------------------------
Absorption Area Type and/or Manufacturer or Trade Name --------------------------
Adequate comp, ·
Date ____________ _
RETAIN WITH RECEIPT RECORD S AT CONSTRUCTION SITE
*CONDITIONS:
1. Al l installation must comply with all requirements of the Colorado State Board of Health Ind ividual Sewage Disposal Systems Chapter
25, Article 10 C.R.S. 1973, Revised 1984.
2. This permit is valid only for connection to structures which have fully complied with County zon ing and building requirements. Con-
nection to or use with any dwelling or structures not approved by the Building and Zoning office shall automatically be a violation or a
requirement of the permit and cause for both legal action and revocation of the permit.
3 . Any person who constructs, alters, or installs an individual sewage disposal system in a manner which involves a knowing and material
variation from the terms or specifications contained in the application of permit commits a Class I , Petty Offense ($500.00 f ine-6
months in jai l or both).
White-APPLICANT Yellow-DEPARTMENT
INDIVIDUAL SEW AGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM APPLICATION
OWNER c;~eq.-t--R. +t>'c> hr"?t.. IE 't" .s: 1r::-: 413 'r
ADDRESS $a$" Sf'!-11/ol" f...v. fhvdt:>--wJ ,4[ 3{uJ.oz PHONE ~t:><:. -:lSI-7 :1-&9
)
CONTRACTOR 51 ell € II e~c"/'V li-T'' 1'1~
ADDRESS N6We,f-.$ T~ 4tJ PHONE cno -'t-+-8-40EJt;;
lf;yo/.,ta 'l?<t~t:!.o B;M·e l?4t<~cf/ C'<91'i:..rlfW ...,-,""../ I«~C!., .:So4MAS iLl t 0 e;'To-'fzct-(C 2. S"5'
PERMITREQUESTFOR (v{NEWINSTALLATION ( )ALTERATION ( )REPAIR
Attach separate sheets or report showing entire area with respect to surrounding areas, topography of area, habitable
building, location of potable water wells, soil percolation test holes, soil profiles in test holes (See page 4 ).
LOCATION OF PROPOSED FACILITY:
Near what City of Town LA£:/$cu..t o-+1-£
Legal Description or Address Po11d.eco:-.c, P i(1<~..>
Size of Lot 'J. Lf 7 0~
Lof 3 ~ s,J:JcJ. eMrr,r,fko V)
WASTES TYPE: (v{ DWELLING ( ) TRANSIENT USE
( ) COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL ( ) NON-DOMESTIC WASTES
( ) OTHER-DESCRIBE
BUILDING OR SERVICE TYPE: S (f-~J).Q,.~
Number of Bedrooms I Number of Persons Z. (s~ A-.-r-~11-F-0)
( v{ Garbage Grinder ( vf Automatic Washer ( v1 Dishwasher
SOURCE AND TYPE OF WATER SUPPLY: (v} WELL ( ) SPRING ( ) STREAM OR CREEK
If supplied by Community Water, give name of supplier:
DISTANCE TO NEAREST COMMUNITY SEWER SYSTEM: ;IP;eo I' r £f .tfE.'-I ~"(t-.1!
. \ co~' ;.tf.!.crto"-' ..,.. lli'"hJ<>tf ..... RD114 ;J<f" r-.:,.eto~..
Was an effort made to connect to the Commumcy System?~ I" ~ te>.vs 1~-£14v I-IIIYA'r tae.vJ> Sc,~t>;kll~,t><J
:R, 0 £.e.) 'f:7!fl..~vwp_AioT F~£41> t4C-C::. A site plan is required to be submitted that i~dicates the fo owing MINIMUM distances:
Leach Field to Well: 100 feet
Septic Tank to Well: 50 feet
Leach Field to Irrigation Ditches, Stream or Water Course: 50 feet
Septic System (septic tank & disposal field) to Property Lines: 10 feet
YOURINDIVIDUALSEWAGEDISPOSALSYSTEMPERMITWILLNOTBEISSUEDWITHOUT
A SITE PLAN.
GROUND CONDITIONS:
Depth to first Ground Water Table C. S' I
Percent Ground Slope 2 f..:>':.!'
TYPE OF INDIVIDUAL SEW AGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM PROPOSED:
2
(/) SEPTIC TANK ( ) AERATION PLANT ( ) VAULT
( ) VAULT PRIVY ( ) COMPO STING TOILET ( ) RECYCLING, POTABLE USE
( ) PIT PRIVY ( ) INCINERATION TOILET ( ) RECYCLING, OTHER USE
( ) CHEMICAL TOILET(.--( OTHER-DESCRIBE t.Ot2fi..IVCtJ s~,,g,Hs Aol(d;..JTIS~-A-1(:-2.0
FINAL DISPOSAL BY:
( )
( )
( )
( )
ABSORPTION TRENCH, BED OR PIT
UNDERGROUND DISPERSAL
Al30VE GROUND DISPERSAL
OTHER-DESCRIBE
( ) EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
( vf SAND FILTER
( ) WASTEWATERPOND
WILL EFFLUENT BE DISCHARGED DIRECTLY INTO WATERS OF THE
STATE? No PERCOLATION TEST RESULTS: (To be completed by
Registered Professional Engineer, if the Engineer does the Percolation Test) Se>~ A---1<&-e.-t~ 1/~P ~--Fb.er
..Jo~ A/o li!'l-ISY;>
Minutes er inch in hole No. I Minutes er inch in hole NO.3
Minutes er inch in hole No. 2 Minutes er inch in hole NO.
Name, address and telephone ofRPE who made soil absorption tests: J./ep WDII2 T11· t?J w.<..-fk
D.q.,y I 8.1--p H~ Ill.( -PE Jj: jL .f 1-13
Name, address and telephone ofRPE responsible for design of the system: So P<2t s EN<:fii-f,; P-.tr:,et.l'ltf J../. C.
~4 £;e.,_ TAlE t.>t:irt$-{pest ~ I.'W§"I..v~ 'l!h'l tJ-'r' I. M at-fo "--P.E. •
Applicant acknowledges that the completeness of the application is conditional upon such further mandatory and
additional tests and reports as may be required by the ~ocal health department to be made and furnished by the applicant
or by the local health department for purposed of thb evaluation o~the application; and the issuance of the permit is
subject to such terms and conditions as deemed necessary to insJ~e compliance with rules and regulations made,
information and reports submitted herewith and req~ired to be submitted by the applicant are or will be represented to
be true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and are designed to be relied on by the local department of
health in evaluating the same for purposes of issuing the permit applied for herein. I further understand that any
falsification or misrepresentation may result in the denial of the application or revocation of any permit granted based
upon said application and in legal action for perjury as provided by law.
Signed -~td1 Date S/7~f'
"" I
PLEASE DRAW AN ACCURATE MAP TO YOUR PROPERTY!!
3
George Kilby
505 Sandy Lane
Anniston, AL 36207
RE: Proposed OWS System, Kilby Property, Parcel3, Day Subdivision,
Garfield County, CO
SE Job No. 24020.01
Dear George:
May 6, 2004J
Pursuant to your request, this letter/report presents our findings in regard to the feasibility and design for an
engineered Onsite Wastewater System (OWS). This design is based on our evaluation of the site
conditions with information provided by you for use in supporting your application to Garfield County.
Our recommendations are in accordance with Garfield County and the State of Colorado Regulations.
Garfield County must permit any proposed improvement to the site. We have reviewed the infonnation
forwarded to us, conducted a site visit, formulated an OWS design and created a site plan with construction
details as part of our scope of work.
Conclusions
Based on our findings we believe that the desigu and installation of an approved OWS system is feasible in
accordance with the Regulations of Garfield County and the State of Colorado. We recommend that a
new 1500-gallon septic tank equipped with an approved wastewater secondary treatment unit installed with
the septic tank.. The treated effluent will discharge to an extemal pump basin to be equally distributed
across a 550 square foot soil dispersal field system. The soil dispersal system can be installed over natural
soils as delineated on the attached plan. The system will meet all required setbacks and be installed within
the general boundaries indicated on the plan. Our Design is outlined below and dt lineated on the attached
site plan.
Site Location
The subject site is located on Parcel 3, Day Subdivision, approximately 1.5 mile east of Carbondale
adjacent to the left bank ofthe Roaring Fork River. The site is situated in Section 35, T 7 S, R 88 W of the
6'h P.M. The Site comprises approximately 7.5 acres. The site is bounded on the south, east and west by
adjacent single-family acreages and on the north by the Roaring Fork River bench.
Existing Site Conditions
The site is located on previously undeveloped, irrigated agricultural lands. The site has a flat slope (2-5%)
toward the north toward the river with some flatter bench areas. Domestic water will be supplied by a
domestic well. A drainage ditch and easement nms across the mid section of the lot off the northern
building envelope line.
[502 Main Street • Suite A3 ·Carbondale, CO 81623 • (970) 704-0311• Fax (970) 704-0313
SOPRIS ENGINEERING • lLC civil consultants
Base Flood Elevation
George Kilby
SE Job No. 24020.01
May 6, 2004
Page 2
Applicable floodplain information for the site was referenced from the FEMA; FIRM map (panel No.,
080205 1880 B) dated January 3, 1986, which indicates that a portion of the site is in Zone A. The 100-
year base flood elevations (BFE) across the site range from 6186 to 6192 as delineated on the FIRM map.
The proposed finished floor elevation for the garage will be a minimum of 1 foot above the BFE (6190.40)
and the proposed dwelling finish floor shall be a minimum of 2' above the BFE. The nominal elevation of
the existing ground at the location of the proposed absorption system is 6190.0+/-(msl). The base flood
elevation, as delineated on FEMA mapping, is approximately 6688.75+/-(msl). The proposed dispersal
mound will be constmcted with the distribution and filter media above the estimated high ground water
levels and the theoretical maximum base flood elevation.
The area within the building envelope and a portion of the lot south and west of the building envelope
including, including the area where the proposed dispersal mound is located has existing grades that are
above the 100-year base flood elevations. The existing grades shown on the plan are based on a recent
topographical survey by Sopris Engineering, using the 1929 vertical datum as referenced on the FEMA
map.
Proposed Site Conditions
It is our understanding that you intend to initially construct a 1-bedroom studio apartment over a garage
building with plan to construct an adjacent 3-bedroom single-family home in the future. The proposed
improvements will include a new OWS system with appropriate site grading. The new garage stmcture is
to be generally located as shown on the plan.
Subsurface Conditions
Attached are the results of the subsurface investigation and percolation tests conducted on February 16,
2004 by Hepworth-Pawlak Geotechnical, Inc. The report is dated February 16, 2004 (Job No 104 156).
The subsoil encountered at the site consists of one foot of topsoil overlying slightly silty to silty, fine to
medium sand with occasional cobbles. The existing soils at the proposed dispersal field grade consist of
sandy material with a percolation rate greater than 5 minutes per inch. The described soils are based on our
knowledge of the general area, observations of onsite excavations, and geotechnical evaluations performed
in the area. Groundwater was observed at a depth of 6.5 feet below the existing surface grades. We
assume that groundwater in the dispersal field area will generally be equal to the water level in the river.
Additional geotechnical evaluations will be performed during pre construction and during construction of
the system to provide recommendations for subsoil preparation, soil replacement as needed and placement
of imported fill materials.
The OWS is designed based on the utilization of imported sand filter material and recovery of the treated
effluent by percolation into the native soils.
Design Criteria
George Kilby
SE Job No. 24020.01
May6, 2004
Page 3
The I bedroom garage/studio and the future single family home will contain a total of 4 bedrooms. The
design flow is calculated as follows:
Single family home-equivalent 4 bedroom population @ 2 person /bedroom = 8 persons.
F•·om the Garfield County I. S.D. S. Regulation:
Max. Design flow (Qd) =#of people x (avg. flow) x 1.5 gal/person/day.
Gallons per day per person for the subject house= 75 gal/person/day
Assume 8 people daily population
Qd = 8*75* 1.5* =900 gal/day
Septic Tank Design
Based on Design Flow Qd.
Qd = 900 gal/day
Volume (V) of tank= Design Flow* 1.25
(30 hour retention time)
V = 900 gal/day* 1.25 days= 1125 gallons
To provide for future changes in use of the facility and accommodation ofthe treatment unit
we recommend a minimum tank size of 1500 gallons.
Use one 1500-gallon, concrete, dual compartment septic tank.
Treatment System Criteria
Design of the site's OWS is in accordance with EPA design recommendations and requirements for
secondary wastewater treatment. The Design includes the installation of an Orenco Systems, Inc.,
Advantex treatment system and a dispersal/infiltration field 'for the discharge and polishing of treated
effluent.
The engineered system shall be designed to handle a peak wastewater flow based on a ( 4) bedroom home
utilizing an advanced secondaty treatment system. The secondary treatment system is a recirculating pack
bed filter. The system shall be capable of producing effluent quality, which meets or exceeds the
requirements of the US EPA for secondary wastewater treatment (30mg/L BOD and 30 mg/L suspended
solids). The dispersal field is sized to adequately accept and infiltrate the treated effluent. AllOWS
components shall be accessible from the surface to facilitate system testing and maintenance. We
recommend installing the Orenco Systems Advantex-AX-20 unit.
Treatment Svstem Design
George Kilby
SE Job No. 24020.01
May 6, 2004
Page4
With respect to effluent quality, maintenance and operation requirements, a compact recirculating trickling
packed bed filter treatment system packaged in and on a new concrete septic tank is the prefeJTed method
of treatment for the site conditions. The Orenco Systems Advantex-AX-20 is a "State of the Art" pre-
manufactured package system that provides economical, quiet, odor free operation that provides excellent
wastewater treatment, which exceeds the requirements of the EPA for secondary wastewater treatment.
Raw sewage inters a standard 2-compatiment septic tank for conventional primary treatment. Clear zone
effluent is filtered and pumped to a distribution mar1ifold in the Advantex filter pod via a pump/filter vault
assembly installed in the secondary septic tank compartment. Effluent percolates down through textile
media and is collected in the bottom ofthe filter pod. The vertical textile media provides approximately
40,000 SF of surface area for bio-mat attaclunent. The treated effluent is discharged out ofthe filter pod to
a recirculating splitter valve (RSV) that splits the flow between return flow back to the septic tank and flow
to the dispersal/absorption field. During periods of no sewage loading all ofthe discharge is returned to
the tank. The return flow is discharged back to the secondary compartment or if nitrogen removal is
desired the return flow is discharged back to the primary compartment. The Advantex recirculating pump
typically runs only 90 minutes per day. The Advantex AX-20 is designed to provide treatment resulting in
effluent water quality parameter levels of 15 mg/L BOD and 15 mg/L TSS based on typical residential
strength wastewater. Assuming an average BOD concentration of 150 mg/1 the unit will remove 90% of
BOD and up to 85% total nitrogen removal. The Orenco Systems Advantex AX-20 is adequate to treat
wastewater from an equivalent 5-bedroom home utilizing a 1500-gallon septic tank.
Effluent Dispersal System Design
Treated effluent is discharged to the ground via a mounded soil infiltration system allowing the infiltration
of treated effluent into the soil. The mounded infiltration/dispersal field is sized adequately to maintain
long-term acceptat1ce of the treated effluent into the ground. We do not anticipate that a conventional bio
mat will form on the bed surface. The bed will provide a means for achieving tertiary treatment
(polishing). However for sizing the infiltration/dispersal system we are utilizing the guidelines approved
by the State of Colorado for sizing of an absorption field. A soil infiltration/dispersal bed system, utilizing
gravelless chambers is recommended. The chamber units will be installed over impmied sand placed over
native soils. The mound shall be constructed with suitable native material and/or imported material. The
State allows a maximum 40% area reduction for the use of gravelless infiltration chambers in a bed
configuration. Based on the hydraulic loading rate of the receiving soils and the absence of a conventional
bio-mat on the infiltrative surfaces in the field we estimate that the long-tem1 recovery rate of the daily
peak loading will be less that1 2 hours.
Soil Dispersal/Infiltration Field System Design
George Kilby
SE Job No. 24020.01
May6, 2004
Page 5
Calculate per LTAR method: Assume LTAR = 1.0 gal/day/sq. ft. Based on imported filter sand over
alluvial silty sand.
A =_QL
LTAR
900 = 900 sq. ft. Apply a 40% reduction for utilizing gravelless
1.00 infiltration chambers.
Apply a 40% reduction for utilizing gravelless leaching chambers.
900 x 0.6 = 540 sq. ft.
Assume 15.5 square feet per chamber: 540 sq.ft. = 34.8 chambers Use 36 chambers
15.5 sq.ft/chambers
Use 560 SF of bed surface with gravelless chambers in 3rows of 12 installed over 2 feet of filter sand over
the native soils. Excavate or build a mounded dispersal field a minimum of 570 SF of to surface area to
accommodate the chambers. This design is conservative based on the estimated recovery rate and the high
quality of effluent applied to the bed.
Effluent Distribution System
The Advantex treatment system installed with the new septic tank will gravity discharge treated effluent to
an external pump basin adjacent to the tank. A pressure distribution system will be utilized to transport
effluent fi'om the pump basin to the dispersal/infiltration field. An effluent filter pump system vault will be
installed in the secondary compartment of the septic tank to circulate filtered effluentthrough the packed
bed filter treatment media above the tank, which will greatly reduce the biological loading to the
infiltration field. An automatic recirculating splitter valve (RSV) operates per demand to allow treated
effluent to be discharged to the pump basin. A dosing pump with a 1" pressure hose, valve discharge
assembly will discharge effluent to a 1" header pipe at the head of the dispersal/infiltration bed field. The
effluent will be equally distributed from the header pipe to individual 4" perforated distribution lateral
running the length of each chamber row in the bed. The 1" header pipe will have a tee at the head of each
chamber row with reducers and bushings to cmmect to the 4" distribution laterals with t.he perforations
oriented downward. An inspection port should be installed on the top mid-point cut out on the end
chambers in each outer row and on altemate end chambers in the inner rows.
Control Systems
An Orenco Systems control box will control all functions and monitoring of the installed systems. The
controls will record all operational cycles and will make adjustments if necessary. Alarms for the
treatment system components in the septic tank will be recorded and reset through the control box. A
Vericomm Telemetry control will be installed with the control box to allow offsite monitoring, data
collection and remote operational setting control.. The system is set up with a web-based technology for
use by authorized operators and/or maintenance providers.
ISTS Operation and Maintenance
George Kilby
SE Job No. 24020.01
May 6, 2004
Page 6
All components of the engineered OWS shall be inspected on a regular basis and be properly maintained.
The system and responsibility for repair and maintenance of the system will remain with the Lot Owner.
The owner shall retain the services of qualified personnel to inspect the OWS and to perfom1 all
maintenance and repairs necessary to ensure that the system is in good operating condition and is in
compliance with the manufacturers performance requirements. The operating components of the OWS
system will be inspected within 30 days of being placed into operation and thereafter every six months.
The OWS should require minimal maintenance. Several factors influencing the need 'for maintenance
include: actual wastewater flows versus design flows, the volume of kitchen/domestic waste (excluding
human waste and toilet paper), excessive household chemicals and other toxic liquids. The tank, dispersal
field and other applicable treatment system components should be visually inspected bi-annually for debris,
wear, damage, leaks, or other potential problems. In general, for a properly utilized system, septic tanks
should be pumped and inspected every 2 -4 years. The efflltent filters should be cleaned every six months
and at the time of pumping. Infiltration fields should be maintained with suitable cover and kept free of
root invasive plants. Positive surface drainage away from the infiltration field should be maintained.
Construction and Inspections
Prior to constmction of the pennitted system the engineer should be contacted by the contractor and owner
well in advance to provide adequate time to discuss the system components with the contractor, answer
questions, resolve any conflict issues and schedule inspection site visits based on constmction progress.
County Regulations require that the Design Engineers of record perform site inspections of the pennitted
system during constmction and provide "As-Built" documentation ofthe installed system to the County
after constmction is complete.
General Notes
1) All materials and installation practices shall conform to the Gar.field County Individual Sewage
Disposal Regulation.
2) All sewer lines and distribution lines in the system shall be 4" Schedule 40 or SDR-35 PVC unless
specified otherwise on the plans.
3) Add a two-way clean out on the service line from the house.
4) The system shall be plumbed to distribution effluent into the bed with equal distribution.
5) The contractor shall ensure that the concrete septic tanJc and sewer lines are watertight.
6) The dispersal field area must be protected to prevent damage from vehicular or livestock traffic and
must be crowned to divert drainage nmoff away from the trenches to minimize surface infiltration.
7) The infiltration chambers shall be installed level in the bed. The top of the backfill over the chambers
shall be covered with filter fabric or other suitable pervious material to prevent the migration of fines
from the overlying topsoil layer.
8) The field must have a minimum cover of 12 inches. A final cover of topsoil suitable for vegetation, a
minimum 4" deep, shall be placed from the top of the pervious cover layer to the finished surface
grade.
9) The dispersal fiel d must be sodded or covered .with vegetative ground cover.
George Kilby
SE Job No. 24020.01
May 6, 2004
Page 7
1 0) The treatment unit shall be installed by in accordance with the manufactures specifications and
installation guidelines by qualified personal.
Our design and recommendatio n s are based upon data supplied to us by others. If subsurface or site
conditions are found to be different from those presented in this report, we should be notified to evalu ate
the effect it may h ave on the proposed OWS. If the County Environmental Health Department requests
changes 0r modifications to this design, we should be contacted to evalu ate the effect on theISTS.
If you have any question or need any additional infmmation, please call.
Sincerely,
SOPRIS ENGINEERING, LLC
~~
u~/20/2007 14:57 970-704-0313 SOPRIS ENGINEERING PAGE 01
FAX Transmittal
TD: Andy Schwaller
Companv: Garfield County Building Department
Fax#: 384 3470
Date: 9-20-07
Total Pages: 4
SEProJBCINO. 240201.01
From: Paul Rutledge
Message: Attached is the, As-Built Certification letter for George Kilby
improvements, at Parcel 3, Day Subdivision, addressing the OWS
a11d the Finish Floor Elevations. If you have any questions please
ca11 me.
o Original notto follow
0 Original to follow by mall
o Original to be delivered lly messenger
<> Original to be picked up
502 main street • suite A3 • carbondale, CO 81623 • (970) 704-0311 • tax (970) 704-0313
SOPRIS ENGINEERING • llC civil consultants
09/20/2007 14:57
George Kilby
505 Sandy Lane
Anniston, AL 36207
Andy Schwaller
970-704-0313
Garfield Cotmty Building Department
!08 gth Street, Suite 401
Glenwood Springs, CO 81601
SOPRIS ENGINEERING PAGE 02
September 20, 20071·
RE: As-Built Onsite Wastewater System and As-Built Finish Floor Documentation for the Kilby
Property, Parcel 3, Day Subdivision, Garfield County, CO
SE Job No. 24020.01
Dear George & Andy:
Pursuant to County Regulations, this letter provides documentation that the new Onsite Wastewater
System (OWS), installed approximately 3 years ago, is in general compliance with the permitted design.
This letter also documents the As-bui.lt conditions of the Garage-ADD Structure in tenus of the Finish
floor elevation with respect to the base flood elevation (BFE).
Sopris Engineering has perf01med site visits to measure, inspect, and document the as built conditions of
the constructed system. We have coordinated our efforts with the treatment system installer, and the
contractors that constructed the system. The system was inspected prior to backfilling and after all
installations was completed. The as-built conditions and installation of the new OWS components is in
compliance with the permitted design specifications for the system. The as-built field dimensions and
location of the new OWS treatment components were installed with respect to existing site conditions and
are marked in the field by the component risers and inspection ports installed to the finish surface grades.
In additio.n we have checked the system in coordination with the Service provider that has performed
required standard maintenance, bi-annually, pursuit to the ongoing maintenance agreement contract.
The System was installed in accordance with Garfield County Regulations; the design parameters
presented in the Sopris Engineering design drawing, dated April 30, 2004 and the design report, dated May
6, 2004. A 1500-gallon dual compartment septic tank was installed with an Orenco Systems, Tnc.
Advantex AX-20 treatment system installed with the septic tank. The Advantex re-circulating packed bed
filter assembly was installed by a qualified installer. The system has a 24" diameter by 7' deep Orenco
dosing pump basin installed adjacent to the septic tank. The simplex pump assembly is designed to
pressure dose treated effluent to the perforated field laterals through a distribution manifold. The systems
control box has a remote telemetry unit that shares a connection to a phone line. A Three-year inspection
and maintenance agreement is in place, which provides for routine maintenance and inspections every 6
months by a qualified service provider. The maintenance agreement contract is due for renewal next year.
The last regular maintenance and inspection was performed by SCG on July 2, 2007.
[502 Main Street • Suite A3 • Carbondale, CO 81623 • (970) 704-0311 • Fax (970) 704·0313[
SOPRIS ENGINEERING • llC civil consultants
B9/20/2007 14:57 970-704-0313 SDPRIS ENGINEERING PAGE 03
George Kilby
SE Job No. 24020.01
September 20, 2007
Page2
The Dispersal field was constructed with as a mounded bed containing 3 rows of 12 standard infiltrator
chambers each 75' in length as generally delineated on the site plan. Flow is split equally between the
chamber rows through the pressure manifold to the individual di.strihution laterals ru1ming the full length of
the chamber rows. Inspection ports were installed on each end chamber and on the head corner chambers.
The overall dimension ofthe dispersal fi.eld is 75' by 9' mounded approximately 3.25-feet above the
natural surface grade. The field was installed level with the chambers installed over 24-inches of filter
sand overlying suitable native soils. Suitable native soil is backfilled over and around the chambers. The
24-inch layer of filter sand below the leaching chambers provides a basal area of approximatelyl400 S.F.
Treated effluent from the septic tank/ Advantex treatment system is pressure dosed to a manifold at the
head of the bed. The flow is equally split to each row in the field. Each chamber row has a 4" inch
perforated PVC distribution pipe running the length of the row. The constmction was completed utilizing
specified materials installed according to design. The minimum setback distances have been maintained.
Advantex AX-20
The advanced treatment system installed is an Orenco Systems Advantex-AX-20 unit (re-circulating
trickling packed bed filter). The system is capable of producing effluent quality which meets or exceeds
the requirements of the US EPA for secondary wastewater treatment (30mg/L BOD and 30 mg/L
suspended solids). The dispersal field is sized to adequately service (4) bedrooms. AllOWS components
are accessible from the surface to facilitate system testing and maintenance. The return flow is discharged
back to the secondary compmtment for nitrogen removal. The Advantex AX-20 is designed to provide
treatment resulting in effluent water quality parameter levels of 30 mg/L BOD and 20 mg/L TSS based on
a design flow of 1125 gpd. ·
Maintenance Pl'otocol
The engineered system shall continue to be inspected on a regular basis and be properly maintained.
Ownership ofthe system and responsibility for construction, repair and maintenance will remain with the
Lot Owner. The Owner shall continue to retain the services of qualified personnel to inspect the 0 WS and
to perform all maintenance and repairs necessary to ensure that the system is functioning properly, is in
good operating condition and is in compliance with the manufacturer's performance requirements. The
operating components of the OWS system will be serviced and inspected bi-annually.
Garage-ADU Finish Floor Elevation & Base Flood Elevation
The Garage-ADU stmcture was constmcted that includes a !-bedroom studio apmirnent over a single
garage with adjacent accessory space. An adjacent 3-bedroom single-family home will be built in the
future. The new garage-ADU structure is generally located as shown on the design plan.
Applicable floodplain information for the site was referenced from the FEMA; FIRM map (panel No.,
080205 1880 B) dated January 3, 1986, which indicates that a portion of the site is in Zone A. the l 00-
year base flood elevations (BFE) across the site range from 6186 to 6192 as delineated on the FIRM map.
970-704-0313 SOPRIS ENGINEERING PAGE 04
George K i1 by
SE Job No. 24020.01
September 20, 2007
Page 3
The As~ built finished floor elevation of the garage slab is 6190.87 feet MST., approximately 1.5 feet above
the BFE of6189.40. The adjacent accessory space dwelling finish floor elevation is 6191.44 feet MSL,
approximately 2 feet above the BF.E of6189.40. The existing grades shown on the plan are based on a
recent topographical survey by Sopris Engineering, using the 1929 vertical datum as referenced on the
FEMA map. The Finish Floor elevations were recently surveyed by Sopris Engineering, using the 1929
vertical datum.
If you have any questions or need any additional information, please call.
Sincerely,
SOPRIS ENGTNEERING, LLC
_/~ :--
~;;c-~
.<<e'· /
'...,?-/
Paul Kutledge.
Design Engineer
Cc: Andy Schwaller
Sun\pd\24020\!<llby-AB-OWS.DOC
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CROWN FIELD TO
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fll TER FABRIC
MIRAFJ N-140
SELECT BACK FILL
NATIVE ALLUVIAL SOIL ?"-.../
MINUS OR SCREENED TO
2~ MINUS OR 2' MINUS
SCREENED ROCK
INFILTRATOR
COMPACT SAND AND
LEVEL SURF ACE
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NATIVE COVER VEGETATION, SOD OR
01HER SUITABLE VEGETATIVE COVER
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TOPSOil<-4" MIN. 4-" SDR-35 PERfORATED PVC
DISTRIBUTION LATERAL PIPE
INSPECTION PORT
WI CAP (NO GlUE)
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BUILDING ENVELO~E co\ '
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/ Recirculating Splitter Valve {RSV)-,
with Quick Disconnect
1 L
'
ADVANTEX TREATMENT SYSTEM NOTES:
1. EFFlUENT TO THE TANK wtll. BE TREATED WITH AN OR£NCO SYSTEMS
INC. AOVANTEX AX-20 TREATMENT UNIT. THE UNIT IS A RECIRCULATING
TEXTIL£ FJL TER INSTALLED WITH THE SEPTIC TANK. THE ADVANTEX AX-20
IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE TREATMENT RESULTING IN EffiUENT WATER
QUALITY PARMETER LEVELS OF 15 mg/1 BOD AND 15 mg/1 TSS BASED
RESIDENTIAL STRENGTH WASTEWATER.
2. THE ADVANTEX TREATMENT SYSTEM SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
MAUNUFACTURES SPECIFJCATJONS AND INSTALLTJON GUIDELINES BY SCG ENTERPRISES,
INC. OR ANOTHER APPROVED INSTALLER.
3. lliE TREATMENT SYSTEM SHALL BE INSPECTED ON A REGULAR BASIS AND BE PROPERLY
MAINTAINED. OWNERSHIP OF ll-IE SYSTEM AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE WILL RE MAIN WITH THE OWNER. THE OWNER SHALL RETAIN ll-IE
SERVICES OF QUAUFIED PERSONNEL TO INSPECT THE ISTS'S AND TO PERFORM ALL
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS NECESSARY TO ENSURE THAT THE SYSTEM IS INSTALLED
PROPERLY, IS IN GOOD OPERATING CONDITION AND IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE
MANUFACTURES PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.
PROPOSED GRADE
1" PVC HEADER PIPE ADVANTEX AX-2
DISTRIBUTION MAN/FOLD TREATMENT SYSTEM
--
DOSING AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
1. AN ORENCO PUMP-BASIN VAULT SHALl BE INSTALLED ADJACENT TO 1HE
THE SEPTIC TANK 1HAT WILL ACCEPT TREATED EFFlUENT FROM 1HE
ADVANTEX DISCHARGE UNE.
2. INSTALL AN ORENCO 24" DIAMETER 72" DEEP PUMP BASIN AND SIMPLEX
DOSING PUMP ASSEMBLY. THE PUMP BASIN TO BE INSTALLED WllH A
CONCRETE BAS£ TO PREVENT FlOATATION OF BASIN DUE TO
GROUNDWATER. INSTALL AN INSULA TED UD AT SURFACE GRADE TO
FACILITATE ACCESS FOR SYSTEM INSTAllATON, INSPECTION AND
MAINTENANCE.
3. THE PUMP DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SHALL BE INSTALLED TO DISCHARGE
EFFLUENT TO THE MOUNDED INFIL TRA TJON/DISPERSAL FJELD THROUGH A
I" TRANSPORT LINE FROM THE PUMP BASIN TO THE MAIN/FOLD AT THE
HEAD OF JHE FJELD. 1HE DOSING VOLUME SHALL BE A MINIMUM OF 45
GALLONS PER DOSING CYCLE. THE APPROXIMATE STORAGE VOLUME IN
THE 24" DIAMETER BASIN IS 56 GALLONS.
4. A 1" HOSE' AND VALVE PUMP DISCHARGE ASSEMBLY CONFJGURED FOR
COLD 'i\'EATH£R DRAIN BACK SHALL BE AN INSTALLED COMPONENT IN
THE PUMP BASIN. THE PUMP DISCHARGE ASSEMBLY PACKAGE WJU.
INCLUDE AU TOM A TIC CONTROLS AND ALARMS CONNECTED TO THE
MASTER CON1ROL PANEL AN OR£NC0 SYSTEMS MODEL P300511 PUMP.
THE SYSffiM SHAU BE INSPECTED BY A QUAUFIED TECHNITION EVERY
SIX MONJHlS.
5 . THE PUMP DISCHARGE ASSEMBLY PACKAGE Mll INCLUDE THE
INSTALLAnON OF A QUICK DISCONNECT THREADED COUPlER ON THE
PUMP DISCHARGE LINE. EXTEND DISCHARGE UNES UP TO WITHIN 12" OF
THE ACCESS UD TO PROVTDE EASY ACCESS FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE
PUMPS.
6. THE PUMP BASIN SYSTEM SHALL BE INSTALLED TO DISCHARGE EFFLUENT
TO THE ABSORPTION FIELD THROUGH A 1.0· SCHEDULE-40 PVC UN£ TO
A tO" HEADER PIPE WITH 1.0• DISTRIBUTION LINE TEES, AT THE HEAD
OF EACH CHAMBER ROW. EACH TEE WILL CONNECTED TO THE 4"
SDR-35 PERFORATED DISTRIBUTION PIPE RUNNING THE LENGTH OF EACH
CHAMBER ROW IN THE BED. THE EFFLUENT WILL EQUALLY DISCH AGE OUT
OF THE 1.0" HEADER PIPE LINE THROUGH APPRORIA TE BUSHINGS AND
REDUCER(S) TO 1HE 4 INCH PERFORATED DISTRIBUTION LINES.
7. THE SINGLE PRESSURE LINE FROM THE PUMP BASIN VrTLL CONNECT AT
THE MIDPOINT OF THE HEADER PIPE WITH THE FJTTING INSTAllED AT A
HIGH POINT TO ALLOW GRAVITY DRAINAGE BACK TO PUMP BASIN. THE
PRESSURE DISCHARGE ASSEMBLY SHAll BE INSTAllED IN A COLD
WEATHER CONFIGURATION TO PREVENT FREEZING BY ALLOWING THE
DRAINBACK OF LIQUID IN THE PUMP DISCHARGE UNE BACK THROUGH THE
PUMP FROt.f THE HIGH POINT AT THE HEADER. NO CHECK VALVE IS TO
BE INSTALlED IN THE PUMP DR DISCHARGE LINE.
8. THE INVERT OF THE PRESSURIZED FITTING AT THE t.O" HEADfR PIP£
SHAll. BE AT LEAST 24" ABO¥£ THE EfFlUENT DISCHARGE LINE AT THE
PUMP BASfN OUTLET. THE INY£RT OF THE PRESSURIZED 1.0" HEADER
PIPE SHAll. BE AT LEAST 1.5" ABOVE THE INY£RT OF THE PERFORATED
DISTRIBUTION LINES.
9. All INSTAI!.LA TION AND MAINTENANCE SHALL BE PERFORMED BY A
QUALIFIED PERSON IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTALLATION &:
MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES FOR THE ORENCO SYSTEMS COMPONENTS. WE
RECOMMEND THAT SCG OR OTHER QUALIFIED PERSONEL INSTAll. THE
COMPONENTS.
ELECTRICAL NOTES
1. AN ORENICO SYSTEMS PUMP CONRTROL PANEL SHAll. BE INSTALlED BY
THE ELECTRICIAN IN COORDINATION VrTTH SCG. THE POI\£R SUPPLY FOR
THE PUMPS AND CONTROLS SHALL CONSIST Of (2) 20 AMP CIRCUITS
FOR THE PUMPS AND (1) 10 AMP CIRCUIT FOR CONTROLS. PROVTDE
UN£ OF SITE DISCONNECT WITH CONTROL BOX .
2. THE ELECTRICIAN SHALL INSTAll. ELECTRICAL WIRES IN CONDUIT FROM
THE CONTROL PANEL TO THE PUMP ASSEMBlY TANK RISER. INSTAll.
COLOR COOED 'MRES PER CONTROL PANEL DIAGRAM . INSTALL (4) 12
GAUGE WJIRES FOR CONTROLS AND (6) 10 G~UG£ WIRES FOR PUMPS WITH
CONDUIT SEAL NEAR RISER SPLICE BOX. ELICTRIAN TO COORDINATE W/
SCG.
3. TEL£METR!Y PANEL IS A STANDARD COMPONENT OF THE ADVANTEX
TREAlMENT SYSTEM PACKAGE. A TELEPHONE CONNECTION WILL NEED TO
BE MADE AT THE PANEL (NON-DEDICATED, PANEL CAN SHARE UN£ WITH
RESIDENCE).
PANEL SHOULD BE LOCATED IN LINE-OF-SITE OF THE PUMP SYSTEM PER
NEC: ARIDCLE 430.102 (B). RECOMMEND MOUNTING ON 4X4 POST OR AN
OUTSIDE WALL OF THE GARAGE.
,---------AdvanTex Filter
2• Dia. Vent
OWS SYSTEM NOTES
1. AU. MATERIALS AND INSTALLATION SHAll. CONFORM TO STATE AND
COUNTY INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM (ISDS) REGULATIONS .
2. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR TO CONTACT All
UTiliTY COMPANIES FOR FIELD LOCATIONS OF UTILITIES PRIOR TO
CONSTRUCTION AND EXCAVATION.
3. All SEWER LINES TO BE SDR-.35 OR SCHEDUlE 40 P.V.C. PIPE UNLESS
NOTED OTHERWISE.
4. ADO TWO-WAY CLEAN OUT ON THE SERVTCE LINE FROM THE HOUSE.
5. THE SEPTIC TANK SHALL BE INSTALLED LEVEL ON COMPACTED EARTH. INSTALl
WATERTIGHT RISERS AS NECESSARY TO BRING All REQUIRED ACCESS
POJNTS TO THE FIN/SHED SURFACE GRADE. PROVIDE BOUANCY COMPENSATim
JF GROUNDWATER LEVELS WILL RISE ABOVE THE BOITOM OF THE TANK .
6. A SANITARY BAFFLE TEE IS REQUIRED ON THE SEPTIC TANK INLET.
7. THE CONTRACTOR SHAll ENSURE THAT THE SEI\£R LINES, SEPTIC TANK AND
RISERS ARE WATERTIGHT. All PLUMBING FIXTURES AND OWS COMPONENTS
SHAU BE INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED TO AVOID SURFACE OR GROUNDWATER
FROM ENTERING THE SYSTEM AND TO PREVENT LEAKAGE FROM THE SYSTEM .
B. THE SEPTIC TANK SHAU BE INSTAlLED TO ACCOMODATE THE ADVANTEX
SECONDARY TREATMENT COMPONENTS THAT CAN BE EASILY INSTALLED ,
INSPECTED AND MAINTAINED FROM THE TANK RISERS AND ACCESS LIDS . THE
SEPTIC TANK IS TO BE INSTAUED 3 FEET BELOW PROPOSED GRADE TO
ACCOMODATE THE STANDARD 3 FOOT RISERS AND THE TREATMENT POD. IF 3
FOOT BURY IS NOT FEASIBLE MOUND EARTH AROUND RISERS AND ADVANTEX
POD TO INSURE INSULATION FOR COLD CLIMATE APPUCATIONS. INSTALL
INSULATED ACCESS UDS AT SURFACE GRADE TO FACILITATE ACCESS FOR
SYSTEM, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE .
9. THE ADVANTEX AX-20 SECONDARY TREATMENT SYSTEM SHALL INCLUDE THE
FJLTER POD, AN ORENCO BIOTUBE PUMP VAULT WITH A 1" SIMPLEX DOSING
PUMP ASSEMBLY, INSTAlLED IN THE SECONDARY CHAMBER OF THE SEPTIC TA
THE RECIRCULATING SPUTTER VALVE, CONTROLS PANEL AND ASSOCIATED PIPJI
THESE COMPONENTS TO BE INSTALLED AFTER TANK AND FIELD IS CONSTRUCTI
BY SCG, INC. OR ANOTHER APPROVED QUALIFIED INSTALLER IN CONFORMANCE
WITH THE MANUFACTURES INSTAllATION JNSTRUCTIONS.
10. INSTALLATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION DOSING PUMP SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND
CONTROLS SHALL BE PERFORMED BY SCG, INC. OR ANOTHER APPROVED
QUALIFIED INSTALLER . ALL PUMPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS SHAll BE INSTALL£
IN CONFORMANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURES INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.
11. INSTALLATION OF THE NEW RISERS, SHALL BE PERFORMED BY THE CONTRACTC
OR BY SCG IN COORDINATION WITH THE CONTRACTOR. INSTALLATION OF THE
ELECTRICAL LINES AND POWER SUPPLY SHALL BE PERFORMED BY THE
ELECTRICIAN IN COORDINATION WITH THE CONTRACTOR AND SCG. INSTAllAnt!
STARTUP AND TESTING OF THE ADVANTEX SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION/DOSING
PUMP ASSEMBLY AND CONTROLS SHAU BE PERFORMED BY SCG OR OR
ANOTHER APPROVED QUAUFJED INSTAllER IN COORDINATION WITH THE
CONTRACTOR AND ELECTRICIAN .
12. THE MOUNDED DISPERSAL FIELD SHAU SHAU BE CONSTRUCTED WJTH A
MINIMUM OF 24 FEET OF SELECT Fll TER SAND UNDER THE LEACHING
CHAMBERS . UP TO 2 FEET OF ON-SJTE REPLACEMENT SOIL MAY BE
PLACED BELOW THE Fll TER SAND AS NEEDED. THE FIELD CHAMBERS WILL
BE BACKFILLED WITH NATJVEMATERIAL VOID OF ROCKS THE BACKFILL
MATERIAL SHALL NOT EXCEED 2 1/2 DIAMETER AND SHAll BE PLACED TO
AT LEAST 6 JNCHES ABOVE THE TOP OF THE CHAMBERS . THE SCREENED
BACKflll SHALL BE COVERED WITH FILTER FABRIC . A MINIMUM 4" DEPTH
OF TOPSOIL IS TO BE PLACED ABOVE THE BACKFILL TO THE TOP SURF ACE
OF THE FIELD. VERTICAL INSPECTION PORTS SHALL BE INSTALLED FROM
THE CENTER PRE MARKED HOLE ON THE TOP OF THE END CHAMBERS.
(TYP. ENDS OF EACH ROW)
13. INSTALL 4• SDR-35 PERFORATED 0/STR/BUTJON LATERALS ALONG THE
LENGTH OF EACH CHAMBER ROW ON TOP OF THE SAND FILTER LAYER.
ORIENT THE ORIFICES DOv.NWARD AT 5 AND 7 0 CLOCK AND CAP THE
ENDS.
14. THE DIMENSIONS SHO"MMI ON THE PLAN INDICATE MINIMUM AREA AND
SEPARATION DISTANCES FOR 1HE TRENCHES, BED OR MOUNDED FIELD ..
15. THE LEACHING CHAMBERS SHALL BE INSTAU£0 LE'v£L WITH A MINIMUM
COVER OF 10 INCHES NOT TO EXCEED 24 INCHES.
16. All INSTALLATION OF FIELD CHAMBERS SHALL BE IN CONFORMANCE
WITH THE MANUFACTURES INSTAllATION INSTRUCTIONS.
17. THE DISPERSAL TRENCHES/BED OR MOUND MUST BE MARKED AND
PROTECTED TO PREVENT DAMAGE FROM VEHICULAR AND UVESTOCK TRAFFIC .
18. THE DISPERSAL FIELD SURFACES MUST BE CROWNED TO DIVERT
SURFACE DRAINAGE AWAY FROM THE MOUNDED FIELD.
19. THE ENTIRE DISPERSAL FIELD SURFACE MUST BE REVEGATATED.
COORDINA TE INSTALLATION IY/
SCC ENTER PRISES, INC.
9D"
P.O. BOX 913
SILT. CO 8 1652
OFFICE: 970-876-2057
FAX· 970-876-2360
Compartment Tonk
End View
AdvanTex Treatment System
AX 20 Seri e s -M ode 3b "'
NOTE: All CHAMBER ROWS IN A BED MUST BE LEVEL DEPTH
OF BEDS (TOP OF SAND LAYER) TO BE AT A MINIMUM OF 2'
ABOVE SEASONAL HIGH WATER lEVEL OR BFE. END PLATES
ARE TO BE INSTALLED ON THE END CHAMBERS IN EACH ROW.
JNSTAll 4 • PERFORATED PIPE ALONG THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF
EACH ROW OF CHAMBERS. PIPE TO BE INSTAllED ALONG THE
BOITOM SURFACE OF THE BED WITH THE ORIFICES POINTED
DOWNWARD. INSTALL A 4~ VERTICAL INSPECTION RISER FROM
THE CENTER CUT OUT ON THE ir OP OF THE LAST CHAMBER IN
CORNER ROW PLUS ONE ON THE END OF A CENTER ROW.
COMPONENT RISERS WI
INSULA TED LIDS (TYP.)
TWO WAY
CLEAN OUT
PROPOSED BUILDING
Filtrate Return Line -----"""')'"--~~
~~~~~~~~~
CROSS-SECTION STANDARD CAPACITY
LEACHING CHAMBER SYSTEM
NOT TO SCALE
4" DIAM. )'ERF.P -V:C~_/~~~r;~~!--======:==~] SOR -35 (TYP .) P' ~EFFLUENT DRAIN LINE
AT MINIMUM 2% SLOPE
RSV/SPIT FLOW TEE TO TANK iNlET
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION UN£
DISTRIBUTION HEADER PIPE EFFLUENT TRANSPORT UN£
1.0• PRESSURE PIPE
PUMP BASIN W/ EFFlUENT
DISCHARGE PUMP INSTALLED
FOR COLD CLIMATE DRAIN
BACK
FILTRATE DISCHARGE LINE
TO PUMP BASIN VAULT
RECIRCULATING PUMP /Fll TER
ASSEMBLY VAULT
SEPTIC TANK
CROSS SECTION SYSTEM SKEMATIC
N.T.S.
. fiB'Ift.)
Discharge Filtrate
AdvanTex Rlteor-/
Top View
• j
KILBY PROPERTY
ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEM
PLAN AND DETArul
OF