HomeMy WebLinkAbout1.0 ApplicationRECEIVEn t[B 'l 3 ,t
BEFORE TI{E BOARD OF COUNTY COMMSSIONER OF
GARFIELD COLINTY, COLORADO
Pursuant to C.R.S. (1973) Section 30-28-l0l (10) (a) - (d) as amended, and the SubdMsionRegulations of Garfield Colorado, adopted April 23, lgt4, the
Commissioners of Garfield County,
respectfully petitions the Board of County
Colorado, to the division of
acre tract rnto tracts of
1-acres each, more or less, from the definitionsof"subdMsion' and'subdivided land"terms are used and defined in C.R.S. (l 973) Section 30-as
28-l0l (10) (a) - (d) and the Garfield County Subdivision Regulations for the reasons stated below
SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS :
An application which satisfied the review criteria must be submitted with all the following
information:
Sketch map at a minimum siale of l":200'showing the legal description of the
property,dimension and area of all lots or interests to be
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@ Evidence of the soil types
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a public any easements for rmgafion, access or
utilities; and
vicinity map at a minimum scale of l":2000' showing the general topographic and
geographic relation ofthe proposed exemption to the suooundirg area wit-nin two 121miles, for which a copy of U.S.G.S. quadrangle map may be used; and
Copy ofthe deed showing ownership by the applicant, oi a letter from the property
owner(s) if other than the applicant: and
Names and addresses of owners of record of land immediately adjoining and within
200 fe€t of the proposed exemption, mineral owners and lessees of minJrals owners
ofrecord of the to be exempted, and tenants of any structure proposed for
conversion; and
Proof ofleeal and
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sewage disposal,fire
district; and
property
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,E If connestion to a community or municipal water or sewer system is proposed, a letter
from the governing body stating a willingness to serve: and
Narrative expl aining why exemption@Equ estei ; and
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ti..l It shall be demonstrated that the parcel existed as described on January 1,1973 or the'*-" parcel as it exists presently is one of not more than three parcels created from a larger
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parcel as it existed on January l, 1973.
A $300.00 fee must be submiued with the
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Mailing Address
State
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Telephone Number
E)GMPTION
APPLICABILITY
The Board of County Commissioners has the discretionary power to exempt a division of land from
the definition of zubdivision and thereby fiom the procedure in these Regulations, provided the Board
determines that such exemption wili not impair or defeat the stated purpose of the Subdivision
Regulations nor be detrimentat to the general p.rblic welfare. The Board shall make exemption
deJisions in accordance with the requirements of these regulations. Following a review of the
individual facts of each application in light of the requirements of these Regulations, the Board may
approve, conditionally uppror. or deny an exemption. An application for exemption must satisfy, at
aminimum, all of the i.ri.* criteria listed below. Compliance with the review criteria, however,
does not ensure exemption. The Board also may consider additional factors listed in Section 8:60
of the Subdivision Regulations.
A. No more than a total of four ( ) lots, parcels, interests or dwelling units will be created
from any parcel, as that parcel was described in the records of the Garfield County Clerk
and Recorder's Office on January l,lg73. In order to qualifi for exemptiorL the parcel as
it existed on January l,lg73, must have been 35 acres or greater in size at that time and
not a part of a recoried subdMsion; however, any parcel to be divided by exemption that
is split by a public right-of-way (State or Federal highway, County road or railroad),
prwentingioini use ofthe propor"d tracts, and the division occurs along the public right-of-
*uy, ,urh parcels thereby criated may, at the discretion of the Board, not be considered to
have been created by exemption with regard to the four (4) lot, parcel, interest or dwelling
unit limitation othemvise applicable. For the purposes of definition, all tracts of land 35 acres
or greater in size, "r.ut"d
after January l, lg73 will count as parcels of land created by
exemption since JanuarY l, 1973.
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All Garfield County zoning reQuirements will be met; and
All lots created will have legal access to a public right-of-way and any necessary access
easements have been obtained or are in the process of being obtained; and
Provision has been made for an adequate source of water in terms of both the legal and
physical qualrty, quantrty and dependability, and a suitable type of sewage disposal to
r"*. each proposed lot. Proof of a legal supply shall be an approved substitute water
supply plan contract, augmentation plan; an approved well permit; legally adjudicated
domestic water source or a contract for a permanent legal supply of domestic water to be
hauled from an outside site for a cistern. Proof of the physical supply from a well for the
public meeting, may be documentation from the DMsion of Water Resources that
demonstrates that there are wells with l/4 mile of the site producing at least five (5)
gallons/minute. Prior to the signrng of a plat, all physical water supplies usrng a well shall
demonstrate the following :
1)
2)
That a four ( ) hour pump test be performed on the well to be used;
A well completion report demonstrating the depth of the well, the
characteristics of the aquifer and the static water level;
The results of the four ( ) hour pump test indicating the pumping rate in
gallons per minute and information showing drawdown and recharge;
A written opinion of the person conducting the well test that this well
should be adequate to supply water to the number of proposed lots;
An assumption of an average or no less than 3.5 people per dwelling unit,
using 100 gallons of water per person, per day;
If the well is to be shared, a legal, well sharing agteement which discusses
all easements and costs associated with the operation and maintenance of
the system and who will be responsible for paying these costs and how
assessments will be made for these costs,
The water quality be tested by an approved testing laboratory and meet
State guidelines concerning bacteria and nitrates.
For water supplies based on the use of cistern, the tank shall be a minimum of
1000 gallons.
E. Method of sewage disposal, and a letter of approval of the fire protection plan from the
appropriate fire district; and
F. All state and local environmental health and safety requirements have been met or are in
the process of being met; and
G. Provision has been made for any required road or storm drainage improvements; and
H. Fire protection has been approved by the appropriate fire district; and
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7)
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Any necessary drainage, irrigation or utility easements have been obtained or are in the
process of being obtained; and
School fees, tores and special assessments have been paid'
(The school impact fee is $200.00 for each lot created)
PROCEDURES
C.
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A.
B
A request for exemption shall be submitted to the Board on forms provided by the
Carneta County Planning Department. Two (2) copies of the application, maps and
supplemental information shall be submiued.
The planning Department shall review the exemption request for completeness within
eight (S) Oals oi submittal. If incomplete, the application shall be withdrawn from
consideiation and the applicant notified of the additional information needed. If the
application is complete, ihe applicant shall be notified in writing of the time and place of
the Board of County Commissioners meeting at which the request shall be considered. In
either case, notification shall occur within fifteen (15) days of submittal.
Notice of the public meeting shall be mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, to
owners of record of land lmmediately adjoining and within 200 feet of the proposed
exemptiorl to mineral owners and lessees of mineral owners of reoord of the land proposed
for exemptiorL and to tenants of any structure proposed for conversion. The exemption site
shall be posted clearly and conspicuously visible from a public right-of-way with notice signs
provided by the planning Departmert. All notices shall be mailed at least fifteen (15) and not
more than itirty tlO) days pnor to the meeting. The applicant shall be responsible for mailing
the notices and shall present proof of mailing at the meeting'
At or within fifteen (15) days of the meeting, the Board shall approve, conditionally
approve or deny the exempiion request. The reasons for denial or any conditions of
,ppro"A shal bL set forth in the minutes of the meeting or in a written resolution' An
upptir*t denied exemption shall follow the subdMsion procedures in these regulations.
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8: l0
8:20
8:21
8:22
8:30
8:31
E)(EMPTION
APPLICABILITY
The Board of County Commissioners has the discretionary power to exempt a
division of land from ihe definition of subdivision and, thereby, from the procedure
in these Regulations, provided the Board determines that zuch exemption will not
impair or deleat the staied purpose of the Subdivision Regulations nor be detrimental
to the general public *Ltf.r.. The Board shall make exemption decisions in
accordance with the requirements of these regulations. Following the review of the
individual fasts of each application, in lig.ht of the requirements of these Regulations,
the Board may approve, conditionally approve or deny an exemption request' The
Board has deterrrined that leases, easements and other similar interests in land for oil
and gas facilities; and an accessory dwelling unit or rwo family dwelling that are
zubject to leasetrold interest only and complyrng with the requirements of the Garfield
county zonngResolutioq are exempt from these regulations.
PROCEDURE
A request for exemption shall be submitted to the Board on forms provided by the
Carnja CountyPlanning Department. Two (2) copies of the applicatiorg maps and
supplemental information strall be submitted.
The Planning Deparfnent shall rwiew the exemption request for completeness within
eight (8) days olsubmittal. If incomplete, the application shall be withdrawn from
consiaeration and the applicant notified of the additional information needed. If the
application is completg the applicart 5hall be notified in writing of the time and place
of the Board of County Commissioners' meeting at which the request shall be
considered. In either case, notification shdl occur within fifteen (15) days of
submittal.
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' MEETING
The Board shall consider the exemption request at a scheduled Board meeting.
Notice ofthe public me*ing shell !s mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested,
to owners of record ofland immediately adjoining and within nro hundred (200) feet
ofthe proposed oremptioq to mineral owners and lessees of mineral owners of record
ofthe land proposed for conversion. The exemption site shdl be posted clearly and
conspicuously visible from a public right-of-way, with notice signs provided by the
Planning Defartment. All notices shall be mailed at least fifteen (15) and not more
than thirty (30) days prior to the meeting. The applicant shall be responsible for
mailing the notices and shall present proof of mailing at the meeting.
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8:32
8:33
8:40
8:41
8:42
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At orwithin fifteen (15) days of the meeting the Board shall approve, conditionally
approve or deny the exunption request. The reasons for denial, or any conditions of
approval, shall.be set forth in the minutes of the meeting or in a written Resolution.
An applicant denied exemption shall follow the subdivision procedure in these
Regulations.
A plat ofan approved or conditionally approved exemption shall be presented to the
Board for signature within 120 days of approval. The plat shall include a legal
description ofthe exempted property, and Exemption Certificate (See Appendix), the
County Surveyor's Certificate (See Appendix) and a state, if four (4) lots, parcels, or
interest have been created on the parcel, that 'NOTE: No further divisions by
exemption from definition will be allowid." The plat shall be recorded with the
County Clerk and Recorder no later than thirty (30) days after the Chairman's
signature. The Chairman ofthe Board of County Commissioners shall not sign a plat
of a conditionally approved exemption until all conditions of approval have been
complied with.
SUBMTTTAL MAPS AND SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
An application for exemption shall be accompanied by the following maps:
A. Sketch map, at a minimum scale of l"=200', showing the legal description of
the property, dimension and area of all lots or separate interests to be created,
access to a public right-of-way, and any proposed easements for drainage,
irrigatiorq access or utilities; and
B. Vicinity map, at a minimum scale of l':2000', showing the general
topographic and geographic relation of the proposed exemption to the
surrounding area within two (2) miles, for which a copy of a U.S.G.S.
quadrangle map rnay be used.
The following supplemental inforrnation regarding the proposed exemption shall be
filed with the application:
A Copy of the deed showing ownership in the applicant, or a letter from the
property owner(s), if other than the applicant;
B. Names and addresses of owners of record of land immediately adjoining and
within rwo hundred feet (200') of the proposed exemptiorg mineral owners
and lessees of mineral ovrners of record of the property to be exempted, and
tenants of any structure proposed for conversion;
C. Evidence of the soil types and characteristics of each type;
D. Proof of legal and adequate source of domestic water for each lot created.
Proof of a legal supply shall be an approved substitute water zupply plan
contract or augmentation plan, an approved well permit or legally adjudicated
domestic water source. Proof of physical supply for the public meeting may
be documentation from the Division of Water Resources that demonstrates
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that there are wells within l/4 mile of the site producing at least five (5)
gallons/minute. Prior to the signing of a plat, all physical water zupplies shall
demonstrate the following:
1. That a four (a) hour pump test be performed on the wellto be used;
2. A well completion report demonstrating the depth of the we[ the
characteristics of the aquifer andthe staticwater 1ev4
3. The results ofthe four (a) hour pump test indicating the pumping rate
in gallons per minute and information showing drawdown and
recharge;
4. A written opinion of the p€rson conducting the well test that this well
should be adequate to supply water to the number of proposed lots;
5. .An assumption of an average of no less than 3.5 people per dwelling
unit, using 100 gallons of water per persorL per day;
6. If the well is to be strared, a legat well sharing declaration which
discusses all easements and costs associated with the operation and
maintenance of the system and who will be responsible for paying
these costs and how assessments will be made for these costs;
7. The.water quality be tested by an independent testing laboratory and
meet State guidelines concerning bacteria and nitrates.
For water *rpplies basd onthe use of cistern, the tank shall be a minimum of
1000 gallons.
E. Method of sewage disposal, and letter of approval of fire protection plan from
appropriate fire district;
F. If connection to a community or municipal water or sewer systerrq is
proposed, a letter from the governing body stating a willingness and ability to
serve;
G. Narrative explaining why exemption is being requested;
H. It shall be demonstrated that the parcel existed" as described on January l,
1973, or the parcel as it exists presently, is one (1) of not more than three (3)
parcels created from a larger parcel, as it existed on January 1, 1973; and
L School'fees, to(es and special assessments have been paid.
(The school impact fee is S200.00 for each lot created)'
8:50
8:51
REVIEW CRITERIA
An application for exemption must satisfi, at a minimum, all of the review criteria
listed in Section 8:52. Compliance with the review criteria, however, does not ensure
exemption. The Board rnay also consider the additional factors listed in Section 8:60,
and the applicability standard of Section 8:10, to deterrrine whether the exemption,
in the Board's discretion" shall be approved or denied.
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The Board shall not grant an exemption unless the division proposed for exemption
has satisfied the following criteria:
A. No more than a total of four (4) lots, parcels, interests or dwelling units will
be created from any parcel, as that parcel was described in the records ofthe
Garfield County Cleft and Recordet's Office on January l, 1973. In order to
quali8, for exemption, the parcel as it existed on January 1,1973, must have
been larger than thirty five (35) acres in size at that time and not part of a
recorded zubdivision; howwer, any parcel to be divided by an exemption that
is split by a public right-of-way (State or Federal Highway, County road or
railroad), preventing joint use of the proposed tracts and the division occurs
along the public right-of-way, such parcels thereby created may, in the
discretion of the Board, not be considered to have been created by exemption
with regard to the four (4) lot, parcel, interest or dwelling unit limitation
otherwise applicable. For the purposes of definitiorq all tract of land thirty
five (35) acres or greater in size, created after January 1,1973, will count as' parcels of land created by exemption since January l,1973.
B. AII Garfield County zoning requirements will be met;
C. AII lots created will have legal access to a public right-of-way and any
necessary access easemerts have been obtained or are in the process of being
obtained;
D. Provision has been made for an adequate source of water in terrrs of both the
legaL and physical quality, quantrty and dependability, and a suitable type of
sewage disposal to serve each proposed lot;
E. All state and local environmental health and safety requirements have been
met or are in the process ofbeing met;
F. Provision has been made for any required road or storm drainage
improvements;
G. Fire protection has been approved by the appropriate fire district and impact
fees are paid, based on a study of the fiscal impact on the district by new
subdivision development, approved by the Board of County Commissioners
and Planning Commission.
H. Any necessary drainagg irrigation or utility easements have been obtained or
are in the process of being obtained; and
L School fees, taces and special assessments have been paid.
ADDITIONAL C ONSIDERATIONS
In the evaluation of each petition for exemption, and in addition to the review criteria
in Section 8:52, the Board shall consider the following:
A. General conformance with the Garfield County Comprehensive Plan;
B. Compatibility of the proposed exemption with existing land uses in the
surrounding area;
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8:52
8:60
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C. Recommendations of any municipality within trvo (2) miles of the proposed
exemption, or within three (3) miles, if the municipality has a major street
plaru
D. Recomnendations of any state or local agency or organization whose opinion
the Board determines is necessary or appropriate;E. Suitability of soil, water, vegetatiorl geologic and topographic characteristics
of the land for the type of dMsion proposed;
F. Number of lots and/or multiple-dwelling units created by the proposed
exemption;
G. Provision for open space within the proposed exemption;
H. Proposed density and provisions for adequate oflstreet parking and
L Covenants and plat notes, restricting the lots to the following:
1. One (l) dog rvill be allowed for each residential unit within a
subdMsion and the dog shall be required to be confined within the
owneCs property boundaries. The requirements shall be included in
the protective covenants for the subdMsion with enforcement
provisions allowing for the removal of a dog from the area as a final
remedy in worst qrses;
2. No open hearth solid-fuel fireplaces will be allowed anyuhere within
an exemption. One (l) new solid-fuel burning stove as defined by
C.R.S. 25-7401, et. sew., and the regulations promulgated
thereunder, will be allowed in any dwelling unit. All dwelling units
will be allowed an unrestricted number of natural gas burning stoves
and appliances; and3. Each subdivision shall have covenants requiring that dl exterior
Iighting be the minimum arnount necessary and that all exterior
lighting be directed inward towards the interior of the subdivisiorg
except that provisions may be made to allow for safety lighting that
goes beyond the property boundaries.
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WESTERN
cotonADo
TESTTNG,
tNc.
GEOTECHN ICAL ! NVESTI GATI ON FO R
PEAK VIEVII MOUNTAIN RANCH SUBDIVISION
A PORTION OFTHE E 1'2, SE {'4, SECTION 11'
AND W 1112, SW 1/4, SECTION 12
T7S, R96W, 6TH PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN
GARFI ELD COUNTY, COLORADO
Prepared For:
Robert Boruch
Post Office Box 448
Parachute, Colorado 81636
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Prepared by:
Western Colorado Testing, lnc.
529251/2 Road, Suite 8101
Grand Junction, Colorado 81505
(970) 241-7700
September 5, 1996
Job No.205596
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
lntroduction
Site Conditions
Proposed Construction
Field Exploration
Laboratory Testing
Subsurface Conditions
Conclusions And Recommendations
Foundations
Spread Footings
Drilled Pier and Grade Beams
Floor Slabs
Water Soluble Sulfates
Perimeter Drain System
Surface Drainage and LandscaPing
Preliminary Street Pavements
General
Boring Location Plan
Soil Boring Logs
Physical Properties of Soil
Resistance 'R' Value
Summary Of Soil Tests
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Page
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
E
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7
I
11
11
12
12
15
Appendix
Figure 1
Figures 2-10
Figures 11-14
Figure 15
Figure 16
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INIRODUCTION
This report presents the results of the geotechnical investigation
performed at the site of a proposed 76 lot (109 t acre), single
farnily housing project to be located in a portion of the east one
half of the southeast quarter of Section 11, and the west one half
of the southwest quarter of Section L2, Township 7 South, Range 96
west of the 6th Principal Meridian, Garfield County Colorado. This
investigation was authorized by Mr. Robert Boruch on JuIy 26tL996-
o
Included in this investigation were
our conclusions and reconmendations.
liurited to the following:
test borings and a rePort of
The scope of our rePort was
a Evaluating the engineering properties of the subsoils
encountered.
Recorunending tlpes and depths of foundation elements.
a Evaluating soil bearing capacity and estimat,ed settlement.
Presenting reconmendations for earthwork and soils related
construction with respect to the subsoils encountered.
a Presenting reconmended alternative pavement sections.
This report was prepared by the firrn of Western Colorado Testing,
Inc. (1jcll) under the supervision of a professional engineer
registered in the state of Colorado. Recommendations are based on
the applicable standards of the profession at the time of this
report within this geographic area. This report has been prepared
for the exclusive use of Robert Boruch for the specific application
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to the proposed project in accordance with generally accepted
geotechnical engineering practices.
The scope of this investigation did not include any environmental
assessment for the presence of hazardous or toxic materials in the
soil or groundwater on or near this site. If contamination is a
concern, it is recommended an environmental assessment be
performed.
STTE COIYDMONS
The site
grasses,
junipers.
coverage
is currently vacant with a ground coverage of native
weeds, sagebrush, with some scattered pinions and
In some areas there is rock out, croppings with a ground
of numerous cobbles and small boulders. The site
generally slopes to the southwest with a valley near the center of
the site and another drainage area of smaller rnagnj,tude traversing
the north central portion of the site. A ridge exists between the
d,rainage ways with steep slopes and some rock out croppings.
Relatively steep slopes exists on alt the sides of the site except
the east. Vacant ground with an occasional residence exits on aII
sides of the proposed site. Slopes on this range from
approximately 3Z in the valley to approxirnately 7OZ along the
ridges. The site will need to be graded to provide good surface
drainage around and away from the proposed structures. In addition
roadway cut and fill areas will be needed.
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION
The proposed construction wiII consist of single family dwellings.
The proposed residences are anticipated to be constructed of
conventional wood franing with siding or brick veneer. The
structures are planned to be built over reinforced concrete
foundations. Light foundation loads are anticipated.
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FIELD DGLORATION
The field investigation was conducted on August L4, 1996. The
orploratory program consisted of nine (9) soil borings as shown on
the Boring Location PIan (Appendix, Figure 1). Borings were
located in the field by the contour map and the existing roadway
which is near the proposed roadways. The location of the borings
should be considered accurate only to the degree implied by the
method used.
Test borings were advanced to depths of 13 Ll2 to L7 Ll2 feet with
a truck-mounted Diedrich D-50 soil sampling rig using four inch
continuous flight augers. Borings remained open during drilIing,
and stabilization drilling methods were not required within the
depths investigated.
SoiI samples were obtained at the sampling intervals shown on the
Boring Logs (Appendix, Figures 2 through 10). Recovered samples
were placed in bulk sample bags or extracted in the field, sealed
in plastic or brass containers, labeled and protected for
transportation to the laboratory for testing. Dames and Moore ring
barrel and split barrel samples were obtained while performing
Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) driven in general accordance with
ASTM D-1585, rrPenetration Test and Split Barrel Sampling of Soils[.
The N-Va1ue, reported in blows per foot, eguals the nunber of blows
required to drive the sampler over the last L2 inches of the sample
interval.
Stratification lines represent the approximate boundary between
soil t1pes, and the transition may be gradual.
LABORATORY TESTING
O
The field
thickness,
boring logs were reviewed
and extent of the soil strata,
to outline the depths,
and a testing program was
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established to evaluate the engineering properties of the recovered
samples. Specific tests that were performed include moisture
contents, density determinations, particle size analysis, Atterberg
Iinits, soluble sulfate tests, and swell-consolidation tests.
These tests hrere perforrned in general accordance with current ASII'I
or state-of-the-art test procedures. An R-Value test lrras also
performed. The R-Value was determined according to the Colorado
Department of Transportation (CDOT) procedures which is a
nodification to ASl!{ D-2944. The test results are presented on
Figures 11 through 16.
Based on the results of this testing program the field logs were
reviewed and supplenented as presented in the Appendix, Figures 2
through 10. These final logs represent our interpretation of the
field 1ogs, and reflect the additional information gained in the
laboratory testing program.
STJBST]RFACE COI{DITIONS
As shown on the boring Iogs, Appendix, Figures 2 through 10, the
subsurface conditions encountered at the site are fairly uniform.
Generally, the soils encountered in the borings consisted of
slightly sandy to sandy, silty clay material followed by a
weathered shale and overlying shale or sandstone bedrock. Water
was not encountered in any of the boriDgs, at the time of drilling,
nor several hours following driIling.
The surface material in all cases was a slightly sandy to sandy,
silty clay which was dry to slightly moist and light to dark brown
in color. Penetration tests indicate the slightly sandy to sandy,
silty clay is generally stiff to very stiff. Below the slightly
sandy to sandy, silty clay in borings TH-s and TH-8 was a sandy
clay which was sligrhtly moist, and brown to reddish brown in color.
Penetration tests indicate the sandy clay is very stiff. The sandy
clay in TH-5 containing sandstone cobbles and small boulders.
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Following the slightly sandy to sandy, silty clay and sandy clay at
depths ranging from 4 to 13 feet was a weathered shale which lras
mediqm hard to hard, dry to slightly moist and a variety of colors
consisting of reddish brown, purple, yeI}ow, grdYt brown and o1ive.
In boring TII-E above the weathered shale was a weathered sandstone
from 3 Llz to 5 feet deep. The weathered sandstone was fine
grained with weak cementation, medium hard, slightly moist and
olive in color.
Underlying the weathered shale and in some cases (boring TH-4 and
TH-7) the surface slightly sandy to sandy, silty clay was shale
bedrock. The shale bedrock ranged frorn dry to moist, was hard and
had the following colors: purple, yeIIow, light brown, 9EaY, brown
and olive. Some sandstone lenses were encountered in the shale
bedrock.
In boring TH-8 and TH-9 the weathered shale was overlying a
sandstone bedrock which was encountered at a depth of 1L Llz to t2
LIZ feet. The sandstone bedrock was fine grained, hard to very
hard, and gray to purple to olive in color.
CONCLUSIONS AI{D RECOMMENDATIONS
FOI'IIDATIONS
Based on the subsurface conditions encountered and the nature of
the proposed construction, we recommend the residential structures
be founded on shallow spread footings bearing on native or neul
structural fill or drilled piers with grade beams. The upper clays
encountered in the borings range from non-sweIling to moderate
swe1l potential at there present moisture and present sand
contents. A shallow spread footing nay bear on the natural soil
where the sand content is high and the swell potential is non-
swelling or very low. Where the swell potential is low to moderate
a shallow spread footing bearing on structural fill can be used and
where swell potential is moderate to high the drilled pier and
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grrade beams type foundation systern should be used. Each building
site should be individually investigated for site specific
conditions. In addition no structure should be constructed on a
slope greater than 2r,L (2 horizontal to 1 vertical) nor directly
below a slope greater than 2zL without a gualified engineer
observing and analyzing the site conditions.
The following design and construction details should be observed
for the differing foundation systems
SPREJAD FOOIIINGS
o Footings placed on native or new structural fiIl should be
designed for allowabLe soil bearing pressures on the order of
2,5OO to 3r5OO pounds per square foot. Each excavation site
should be observed and analyzed individually.
AI1 footings should be proportioned as much as practicable to
minimize differential settlement.
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Structural fill placed for support of footings should consist of
a granular, non-expansive, non-free draining, material compacted
to a minimum 95* of the maximum Standard Proctor density (AS11[
D-698) at a moisture content (t) 22 of optimurn. Structural fill
should extend down from the bottom of the footings at a one
horizontal to one vertical projection. The on-site clays are
not suitable for use as non-expansive fil1.
We estimate total settlement for footings designed and
constructed as discussed in this section will be on the order of
one inch or less, which is generally considered acceptable and
was used in our analysis.
Exterior footings and footings in unheated areas should extend
to below the frost depth. The local building codes should be
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consulted, however we would recommend a rninimum depth of 28
inches.
Continuous foundation walls should be reinforced top and bottorn
to span an unsupported length of at least twelve (12) feet. A
sulfate resistant concrete should be used for all concrete
exposed to the on site soils.
a All loose or disturbed material encountered at the foundation
bearing level should be removed or replaced with ne!, structural
fiIl.
a A representative of the geotechnical engineer should observe all
foundation excavations prior to the placement of fill and/or
concrete.
DRII,LED PIER AIID GRIDE BE:A!{S
o Drilled piers should be designed for an allowable end bearing
pressure of 201000 pounds per square foot and a skin frict,ion of
2,000 pounds per square foot for the portion of the pier in non-
weathered bedrock. Where bedrock is shallow, skin friction
should be disregarded along the upper 5 feet of the piers.
o Drilled piers should also be designed for a minimum dead-Ioad
pressure of lorOOO pounds per square foot, based on the pier
bottom end area. If the ninimum dead-load requirement cannot be
achieved and the piers are spaced as far apart as practical, the
drilled pier length should be extended beyond the minimum
bedrock penetration and minimum length to make up the dead-Ioad
deficit. This can be accomplj.shed by assuming one half of the
skin friction given above acts in the direction to resist uplift
caused by swelling material near the top of the drilled piers.
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piers should penetrate at least 4 feet, into unweathered bedrock
and have a minimum length of 12 feet.
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Drilled piers
least one No.
dianeter.
should be reinforced their full
5 reinforcing rod for each 5
Iength
inches
with at
of pier
o
A 4-inch void shatl be provided beneath the grade beams to
concentrate drilled pier loadings and to prevent the expansive
naterial from exerting uplift forces on the grade beams.
The ninimum spacing reguirement between drilled piers should be
three diamet,ers from center to center. Drilled piers grouped
less than three diameters from center to center should be
analyzed on an individual basis to determine the appropriate
reduction in end bearing capacity.
Concrete used in the drilled piers should be a fluid rnix with a
rninimum slump of 4 inches so it, wilt fill the void between
reinforcing steel and the pier ho1e. The concrete should have a
minimum 28 day compressive strength of 2,5OO psi within the
slump range used.
Drilled pier holes shall be properly cleaned prior to placement
of concrete.
No water was observed in the borings dril]ed. However, if water
is encountered dewatering of the piers will be reguired. The
requirements for casing and dewatering can sometimes be reduced
by placing concrete inmediately upon cleaning and observing the
pier holes. In no case should concrete be placed in more than 3
inches of water unless the tremie method is used.
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Care should be taken that the drilled piers are not oversized at
the top. Mushroomed drilled pier tops can reduce the effective
dead-load pressure on drilled piers.
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a Concrete should be placed in drilled piers the same day they are
drilled. The presence of water or caving soils may require that
concrete be placed imnediately after the drilled pier hole is
cornpleted. Failure to place concrete the day of drilling will
normalLy result in a reguirement for additional bedrock
penetration.
The pier drilling contractor should mobilize equipment of
sufficient size and operating conditions to achieve the required
penetrat,ion in the hard bedrock.
a A representative of the geotechnical engineer should observe
installation of the drilled piers on a fu}l-tirne basis.
FLOOR EIJeBg
Some of the clay and the shale soils encountered at the site
possess moderate to high shrink-swell potential. Slab-on-grade
construction presents a problem where expansive materials are
present near floor slab elevation because sufficient dead-load
cannot be imposed on thern to resist the uplift pressure generated
when the materials are wetted and expand. The only way to prevent
damage as a result of slab movement is to construct a structural
floor above a weII ventilated crawl space. This system should be
used where slabs will bear on the shale bedrock materials and where
the risk of movement of the clays is to great.
S1ab-on-grade construction may be used provided the risk of
distress resulting from floor slab movement is accepted by the
owner and the following measures are taken to reduce the effects of
movement.
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Floor slabs should be separated from aII bearing wa1ls,
and utility lines with an expansi.on joint which
unrestrained vertical movement.
columns
allows
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Interior nonbearing partitions resting on the floor slabs should
be provided with slip joints at the bottorn so that, if the slab
moves, the movement cannot be transmitted to the upPer
structure. This detail is also important for wallboards,
stair:ways and door frames. SIip joints which will allow at
Ieast 2 inches of vertical movement are recommended.
Water lines and gas lines connected to water heaters and/or
furnaces resting on the slabs must be constructed with
flexibility to allovr for slab movement. Heater ducts must be
provided with collapsible connections between the furnace and
ducts.
All plurnbing lines should be tested before operation.
Floor slabs should be provided with control joints to reduce
damage due to shrinkage cracking. rt is recommended control
joints be spaced at 12 feet on centers or less.
The top 6 to I inches of subgrade soils should be moisture
conditioned to (!)22 of opt,inum and recompacted to nininum 958
of ASTII D-698. The moisture content should be rnaintained until
the slabs are placed.
The risk of slab movement can be reduced by removing all clay
encountered within 3 feet below the slabs and replacing it with
structural fill.
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AIl fill placed below the slabs should consist, of non-expansive,
non free draining, granular material compacted to at least 95
percent of the maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture
content (t)2t of optimum.
feTER SOLITBIJE St IJFATE8
A sample of the on site soils from test boring TH-1 at a depth of 8
Ll2 to 10 feet and a sample from TH-7 at I Ll2 to 9 Ll2 feet was
tested to determine the concentration of water soluble sulfates.
The test results indicate the sulfate content at 1000 ppn for both
samples. This concentration of water soluble sulfates represents a
moderate degree of sulfate attack on concrete exposed to these
materials. Based on the test results, sulfate resistant cement
(type II or type II rnodified) should be used in all concrete
exposed to the on-site soils.
PERII.TEAER DRAIN SYSTE!.i
Water r^ras not encountered in the borings, however the foundations
will extend into the clays and possibly shale or sandstone
materials. ft has been our experience that local perched water
tabte conditions can develop after construction. The source of
water could be from excessive irrigation and poor surface drainage
accumulating in backfill areas, with subsequent seepage to
foundation depth. For this reason and the expansion potential of
some of the soils a drain system should be provided around exterior
foundation walls. The perimeter drain system should be placed at
or below the footing or grade beam and consist of a perforated 4
inch diameter drain pipe surrounded by at least on pipe diameter of
free draining gravel. The gravel should extend up to the top of
the footings or a minimum of 6rr from the bottom of the grade beams
and should be completely wrapped in a geofabric or filter cloth.
The drain lines should be graded to ttday lighttt or to a sump where
the water can be removed by pumping. A minimum slope of 1 percent
should be used for all drain pipe. The gravel used in the drain
system should be minus 2 inch material having less than 20 pereent
passing the No. 4 sieve and }ess than 5 percent passing the No. 2OO
sieve.
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sI'Rtr'ACE DRAIITAGE AIID I.A}IDSCAPING
The success of shallow foundation and slab-on-grade floor systems
is contingent upon keeping the subgrade soils at a more or less
constant noisture content, and by not allowing surface drainage a
path to the subsurface. Positive surface drainage ahray from
structures must be maintained at all times. Landscaped areas
should be designed and built, such that irrigation and other surface
water will be collected and carried away from foundation elements.
The final grade of the foundations backfill and any overlying
concrete slabs or sidewalks should have a positive slope away from
foundation walls on aII sides. We reconmend a minimum slope of L2
inches in the first 10 feetl however, the slope can be decreased to
3 inches in 10 feet if the ground surface adjacent to foundations
is covered with concrete slabs or sidewalks.
Backfill rnaterial should be placed near optimum moisture content
and compacted to at least 9Ot of maximum standard Proctor density
in landscaped areas and to at least 958 maximum standard Proctor
density beneath structural areas (sidewalks, patios, drive$rays,
etc.). AII roof downspouts and faucets should discharge weII
beyond the limits of all backfill. Irrigation within ten (10) feet
of foundations should be carefully controlled and minimized.
PREI.IUTNARY STREET PAVE}IEI{TS
The pavement section thickness needed at the site is dependent
mainly on the subgrade conditions and the traffic loadings. The
pavenent subgrade soils are indicated to be slightly sandy to
sandy, silty c1ays. The clayey soils were tested for Atterberg
liruits and size distribution with the results used to classify the
soil using both the Unified and AASHTO classification systems. The
soil was then tested to determine the R-Value according to the
Colorado Department of Transportation procedure which is a
modification to ASTM D-2844-
12
Grant of Easement and
Road Maintenance Agreement
RECITALS
1. Robert R. Boruch and Arlene D. Boruch, hereinafter collectively called
"Boruch", are the owners of the real estate situated in the County of Garfield and
State of Colorado and described as the east half of the southeast quarter of Section
11 and the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 12, Township 7 South,
Range 96 West of the 6th Principal Meridan, Garfi.eld County, Colorado, except that
portion described in Book 632 Page 180 of the Garfield County Clerk and Recorder's
records, hereinafter ca1led the "Boruch Exemption", recorded in the Garfield, County
Clerk and Recorder's Offi.ce at Reception No.
2. Boruch does hereby establish the 50 foot Non-Exclusive Utility and
Access Easement of the Boruch Exemption upon the terms hereinafter set forth for
the use and benefit of the land described in the Boruch Exemption which easements
are to run with said land.
NOW THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows:
1. Boruch hereby grants and establishes for the owners of the land
described in the Boruch Exemption, a perpetual Non-Exclusive Easement for utility
and access purposes over, across, under and through the 50 foot Non-Exclusive Utility
and Access Easement described in the Boruch Exemption which easement is for the
benefit of such land and such easement shall run with the land.
2. The owners of each parcel of land in the Boruch Exemption shall equally
share in the cost of construction, repairing and maintaining the road including
snowplowing or snow removal therefrom that shall be constructed along the 50 foot
utility and access easement described in the Boruch Exemption. The road, after the
construction thereof, shall be kept in good repair and maintenance and if the owner of
any of the land fails to pay its share of the cost of the road, repairs, or maintenance,
etc. then the other owner or owners of the land shall be entitled to collect the amount
due from the non-paying owner or owners. A majority of the owners of the parcels of
Iand in the Boruch Exemption shall determine what construction, repairs or
maintenance of the road is needed to keep the road in good repair and maintenance.
3. Each person or entity who becomes an owner or acquires any right, title
or interest in any of the land described in the Boruch Exemption shall be bound by
the terms of this Agreement and the terms of this Agreement shall be deemed
1
covenants and shall run with the land and shall be for the bene6.t of such land..
4. Each owner of any of the land described in the Boruch Exemption agreesto maintain adequate casualty and liability insurance on their property coveringthemselves and their guests and invitees.
5. All owners of land in the Boruch Exemption are hereby notified that thelands within the Boruch Exemption may be subject to the exploration and ordevelopment of minerals including oil and gas. This includes the rigit to make use ofthe surface as is reasonably required to d.evelop the mineral estate.
6- This Agreement is binding upon the parties and their respective heirs,
successors and assigns.
7. In the event of litigation to enforce this Agreement or the collection ofany sums due under the terms of this Agreement the prevailing party shall beentitled to an award of such party's attorney fees, expenses and. costsl
Executed at Parachute, colorado on the _ day of February , 2ooz.
Robert R. Boruch
Arlene D. Boruch
STATE OF COLORADO )
)ss.couNIr oF GARFTELD )
This instrument was subscribed and sworn to before me on this _ day of
February, 2002 by Robert R. Boruch and Arlene D. Boruch.
Witness my hand and offi.cial seal.
My commission expires:
2
Notary Public
To:
CC:
From:
Date:
Re:
07/06/2000
Exemption and Subdivision
The first step is to prove that the original 160 acre parcel of land existed and was recorded as existing
prior to l/l/73
Step two, by title deed the land must once again become 160 acres. This must be re-filed with the
county clerk and recorder.
0, 5 and 4-acre parcels will be created by the Exemption process. The
two 35 acre, one 356.185 acre and 36.490 will have to go through the full
lt,t o;k a4*:6
z*e4;*t -L+.-L
77 o s -?ca/
s./f 7:t 7
/-bu
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1
,
To: Arlene Boruch Fax: 9701 544-'7367
From: Greg Butler, GarCo Planning Date: 0711012000
Re: Exemption & Subdivision process Pages: One
CC:
E Uqent E For Review E Please Comment E Please Reply EI Please Reclpl
a a
e a a a a "
be to make sure the 160 acres parcel existed piot to llll73
deed the parcel must once again become a single 160 acre parcel. This must be
County Clerk and Recorder's Offtce'
the smaller ten, five and four acre parcels will have to be created first using the
process.
The remaining parcels, the two 35 acre and one 36.490 acre parcels will have to go through the
full subdivision process.
r lrUiltllll rrlllI ilil1 ]l ]ilt lillil ill I51E353 12 /29/1997 O2:38P B1A4E pS6 t16of7R360000.AO GRRFIELD COUNTY CO
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THOI{PSON. LANGFORD CORP.
529 25 t/2 RD.. SUITE B2l0
CR^ND JUNCTION. COLORADO
PH. (303) 243-608?
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5?6354 02/21./2001, LO.32A 81232 ?770 ri RLSDoRF
1 of 3 R 15.OO D O.00 GRRFIELD COUNTY C0
QUITCLAIM DEED
THIS DEED, made this l6th day of February
between Robert R. Bourch and Arlene D. Boruch
, zo01
of the
Colorado
Arlene D. Boruch
"County of Garfield and State of
, granror, and RObert R. BOr:rCh arrd
B49I tiighway 6 & 24, parachute, Colorad.o y E/4 P'fwhose legal address is
81635
ofthe County of Garfield and State of Colorado , grantees
WITNESS'thattheBrantor,forandinconsiderationofthesumof Ten Dollars and other good andvaluable consideration DoLrARt
the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, has remised, released, sold and eUITCLAIMED, and by these presents does
remise, release, sell and QUITCLAIM unto the grantees, their heirs, successors and assigns forever, not in tenancy in common but in joint
tenancy, all the right, title, interest, claim and demand which the grantor has in and to the real property, together with improvements, ifany,
situate, lying and being in the County of Garfield and Srare otColorado,
described as follows:
legar description set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto and made apart hereof by this reference and fi:rther shova-r on the map markedExhibit B attached hereto and made a part hereof.
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also known by srreet and number as: Parachute, Colorado 81635
assessor's schedule or parcel number:
To HAVE AND To HoLD the same, together with all and singular the appurtenances and privileges thereunto belonging, or in anywise
thereunto appertaining, and all the estate, right, title, interest and claim whatsoever of the grantor, either in law or equity, to the only proper
use, benefit and behoofofthe grantees, their heirs and assigns forever.
The singular number shall include the plural, the plural the singular, and the use ofany gender shall be applicable to all genders.
IN the grantor has executed this deed on the date set
D
STATE OF COLORADO
county of Garfield
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this
uy Robert R. Boruch and Arlene D. Boruch.
rlfin Denver, insefl "City and"
dayof February JO
Witness my hand and official seal.
My commission expires:
SS.
-t?-
,2001
tQ
Notary Public
Namc and Addrcss ofPeNon Creatitrg Newly Creatcd Dcrcription (g 3E-35-106.5,
QUITCLAIM DEED (to Joint Tenanrs)
.//-i
No.962. Re* 4-94.
Bradford Publishing, t743 wn* st., Denvcr, co 80202 - 303-292-25uJ
-www.bradtbrdpublishing.com _ 6_00
GD j'-t
L[llI lul llLl lll ; ! lll l[ lUH, l; I r!.tl!,[! I
2 ol 3 R 15.OO D O.00 GRRFIELD COUNTY C0
EXHIBIT A
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
A parcel of land situated in Township 7 south, Range 96 west of the sixth
Principal Meridian, County of Garfield, State of Colorado, being more particularly
described as follows:
The east half of the southeast quarter of Section 11, and the west half of the
southwest quarter of Section 12.
EXCEPTING therefrom that parcel of land conveyed to the Town of parachute in a
quitclaim deed recorded in Book 632 at Page 180 of the Garfield County Records.
This description was prepared by:
O
: Any rewriting or retyping of this
description must NOT include this
preparation information. Lack of
an embossed seal indicates this
docurnent is not the origirral.
Kenneth Scott Thornpson
Colorado P.L.S. r848o
529 z5r/z Road, Suite zro
Grand Junction, Colorado
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DEED OF TRUST o,r0glt PACI2l-g
ES: This Deed of Trust is mape on
D., among the Granto r,
("Bonower"), the Public Trustee ot
County, in the State of Colorado ("Trustee',), and the Beneliciary,
whose address is rsa2 RiArr'RoAD AVE. - B.o( 252 RTFLE, G€ 9]650
("Lender"),
(Streel)(city)
PROPERTY ADDRESS , Colorado(Street)(Cily)
CONVEYANCE: For value received, Borrower irrevocably grants and conveys to Trustee, in trust,and all rights, easements, appurtenances, rents, leas6s and existing ariO tuture impi;td;;ii with power ol sale, the real estate described belowand fixtures (all called the "property,,).
BORROWER'S MAILING ADDRESS: I O'l hI STLVFPRFT.L PAPANHIFFE'
(slale) (Zrp Code)
LEGAL DESCRIPTION:REC!ot'ir't
or:' (ti rl.rliii,,
(Zip Code)
BANI(
)(), I..t aTOTNS{IP 7 SflITII, RAI{GE 96 I.IEST OF THE SI}rIH P.I{.SECIIoN 11: EL/Z sqt/4
SECIIot{ L2: wL/2 sflt/4
E(CEPTING ITIERERCM: 1TIAT PARCET OF I,AND @N\TEYED TO ITTE TOTNOF PARACHUTE IN QUIT CI,AIM DEED RMRDED AUq'ST.4, 1983 IN BOOK632 AT PAGE 180.
ffi,lI"IY OF GARFIEI.D
STATE OF @I.ORADO
REC0R DED /7 l? 0-[L'aCK.f-.t4.
AU6 0{ lgg{ r{rLDRE0 ALSD0RFT
EP
; ,;i; i.r.....
4tr
TOGETHER WITH ALL DITCH, DITCH RIGHTS, AND WATER AND I^IATER RIGHTS APPURTENANTTO SAID PROPERTY.
REC - 466?fI3
GARFITLD COUNTY CLTRK
RELEASED
SEP 20 8S
PUBLIC TRUSTEE
GARFIELD COUNTY
located in County, Colorado.
TITLE: Borrower covenants and warrants title to the property, except for encumbrances of record, municipal and zoning ordinances, current taxes and
assessments nol yet due and
SECUREO DEBT: This deed ot trust secures lo Lender repaymont of lhe secured
ncorporated herei
dcbt and the periormance
n. Secured debt. as usedcontained in this deed of trust and in anv
amounts Borrower owes to Lender undei
other document i
this deed ol trusl
o, the covcnanls and agrecm
ncludes
entsin this dee,l of trust. i anythis deed ol trusl and all modifi cations
secured by this deed of trust and the datesextensions and renewals thereof. The secured debt is evidenced
or under any inslrument secured by
by (List all instruments and agreement's
thereof.)
The above obligation is due and payable on il not paid earlier
The total unpaid balance secured by this deed of trust at any one time shall not exceed a maximum principal amount of +s+?-*rue--*******Dollars ($
pl us any amounts disbursed under s deed
contained in this deed of trust, with interest on such disburse ment.
rn any riders
R
ACKNOWLEDGMENT: STATE OF COLORADO,
This instrument was acknowledged belore me this
by
trust to protect the security this deed ol trust or to perform any of
ARLENE D. BORUCX{
plus inlerest
e covenants
n Future Advances: The above debt is secured even though all or part of it may not yel be advanced. Future advances are contemplated andwill be secured to the same extent as il made on the date ifris Oeeri of irust-iJ eiecutria.
f] Variable Rate: The interest rate on the obligation secured by this deed of trust may vary according to the terms of that obligation.E R copy of the loan agreement containing the terms under which the interest rate may vary is attached to this deed ol trust and made a parthereof.
RIDERS: fl Commercid E tr
SIGNATURES: By below, Borrower agrees to the terms and covenants contained in thisby Borrower described above. Borrower also acknowledges receipt of
deed ol t_ru.sl, including those on page 2 and
a copy ol this deed of trust.
ss:
RIFIE:C0 816s0
1) FORM OCP.MTG.CO 7/3/91 q,
day ol
(page 1 ol 2)
\b
(T'lle(s))
ol
on behall o, the corporation or partnership
(Nolary
COLORADO
REOIONAT BANK OF RIFLE
1542 RAII.ROAD AVE.
PO BoX 752
R|FLE, CO 81650
oo
.a',Jr\ r.J'td?
,.,!. .,: i.7
N,,..i.{ ?..1L.:l f'orm 17l-A-lkvl&d 190r.IIABBitNly DBDD.--Out \vest trnd Sbtionery Co., Colorado Sprlnar, Colo. F40t{
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nf.-,:
7 {.,
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63/--r4)
?o, dt o-.rr-LLIZ
ctr-r/ zez-z,z.r.--J-zcttla 4
m/n4
1::Y
obovc barguined premiilB, rvith the hercditruneote and appurtenonces;
'fo Have and To Ilold the sid prcrois8 above bargained ond dmcribed, with the appurtenenc8, unto lhe wid, ptrt'.L/
heirr and esign8,,. . ... ._..---.-...-...... 1)
the Erme ore fi'ee and clear from cll former and otlter gronts, bolgains, sales, liens, t&xes, asssments and incumbrances of rvhatever kind or nature mcver.
aalthe above
n-Qu . ..
3/z-
the first part,executors anrl odministrotors, do-.4L .covetant, grant, bargaio, and ogree to and rvith the aaid pnrt..:4/..of tiro *cond po.t, .
heirs ond
DDT]IND. ,
-Qr.^:- l/,1"*""*r2,, g@ '
Srcneo, Snerno rxp DBrtvBnBo tN Pnugsxco or
s@,
g-@
.9"5D,v€v
sTAI)zoF cqI.oRADo,
.'"^r,.,-fl*2.{*-.H1
/)-
th&t.aforuid, do hereby
personally known to me
.......in and for tho uid County, in tho StLte
Nolarv l'uuurc.
toby.ihe perrcn.....--rvhose name.......-z/-5..........-.-....subscribed to the"fuJ . .. .............signed, seled and delivered tho Baid instrument
urnexed Del, uppySed
of writing as.....'k.sct, for the ues and puposes thereiu ret fortb.
Given uader my hud ana. -7J.ffaaz</..........'.*rt,
It{ycommissionexrrru..frilz.c.L I(f{,
snd acknoryledged that..
STATE OF COLORADO,
County of-----
My @mDisioD orpire.-.....
\Yitnees my haud aud ollicial sol.
beforc me this dry il peron
.......,,---...-..free aud voluntory
of..
^.D.
tu/4.
The foregoing instrwent wu ocknowledged before rne this..,. .... . . .. .-.hy
);s.
)
ST.AL
Filed for record this..8L .a,,., a. D. t9,
10__...........
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