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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSoils Report 08.31.2016H-P�KUMAR Geotechnical Engineering I Engineering Geology Materials Testing i Environmental 5020 County Road 154 Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 Phone: (970) 945-7988 Fax: (970) 945-8454 Email: hpkgienwood@kumarusa.com Office Locations: Parker, Glenwood Springs, and Silverthome, Colorado SUBSOIL STUDY FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN PROPOSED RESIDENCE LOT 272, IRONBRIDGE BLUE HERON VISTA GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO PROJECT NO. 16-7 311 AUGUST 31, 2016 PREPARED FOR: KEVIN EMERSON C/O RM CONSTRUCTION ATTN: BLAKE PILAND 5030 COUNTY ROAD 154 GLENWOOD SPRINGS, CO 81601 blake@buildwithrm.com TABLE OF CONTENTS PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY - 1 - BACKGROUND INFORMATION - 1 - PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION - 2 SITE CONDITIONS - 2 - SUBSIDENCE POTENTIAL - 2 - FIELD EXPLORATION - 3 - SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS - 4 - FOUNDATION BEARING CONDITIONS - 4 - DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS - 5 - FOUNDATIONS - 5 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALLS - 6 - NONSTRUCTURAL FLOOR SLABS - 7 - UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM - 8 - SURFACE DRAINAGE - 8 - LIMITATIONS - 9 - FIGURE 1 - LOCATION OF EXPLORATORY BORING FIGURE 2 - LOG OF EXPLORATORY BORING FIGURE 3 - LEGEND AND NOTES FIGURES 4 and 5 - SWELL -CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS TABLE 1- SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS H -F KUMAR PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY This report presents the results of a subsoil study for a proposed residence to be located on Lot 272, Ironbridge, Blue Heron Vista, Garfield County, Colorado. The project site is shown on Figure 1. The purpose of the study was to develop recommendations for the foundation design. The study was conducted in accordance with our agreement for geotechnical engineering services to Kevin Emerson c/o RM Construction dated August 8, 2016. Hepworth-Pawlak Geotechnical (now H-P/Kumar) previously performed a preliminary geotechnical study for the Ironbridge Villas and presented our findings in a report dated September 14, 2005, Job No. 105 115-6. A field exploration program consisting of an exploratory boring was conducted to obtain information on the subsurface conditions. Samples of the subsoils obtained during the field exploration were tested in the laboratory to determine their classification, compressibility or swell and other engineering characteristics. The results of the field exploration and laboratory testing were analyzed to develop recommendations for foundation types, depths and allowable pressures for the proposed building foundation. This report summarizes the data obtained during this study and presents our conclusions, design recommendations and other geotechnical engineering considerations based on the proposed construction and the subsurface conditions encountered. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The proposed residence is located in the existing Ironbridge subdivision development. Hepworth-Pawlak Geotechnical (now H-P/Kumar) previously conducted subsurface exploration and geotechnical evaluation for development of Villas North and Villas South parcels, Job No. 105 115-6, report dated September 14, 2005, and performed observation and testing services during the infrastructure construction, Job No. 106 0367 between April 2006 and April 2007. The information provided in these previous reports has been considered in the current study of Lot 272. H- KUMAR -2 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION The proposed residence will be a one story, wood frame structure with attached garage and located as shown on Figure I. Ground floors are proposed to consist of a structural slab -on -grade with no basement or crawlspace. Grading for the structure is assumed to be relatively minor with cut depths between about 2 to 3 feet. We assume relatively light foundation loadings, typical of the proposed type of construction. If building loadings, location or grading plans change significantly from those described above, we should be notified to re-evaluate the recommendations contained in this report. SITE CONDITIONS The lot was vacant at the time of the field exploration. The terrain was relatively flat with about one foot of elevation difference down to the east. Fill had been placed to elevate the lot and surrounding area by the previous subdivision grading. The lot was accessed off a driveway coming from Blue Heron Vista to the east. Vegetation consisted of grass, weeds and sagebrush. SUBSIDENCE POTENTIAL Bedrock of the Pennsylvanian age Eagle Valley Evaporite underlies the Ironbridge development. These rocks are a sequence of gypsiferous shale, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone with some massive beds of gypsum and limestone. There is a possibility that massive gypsum deposits associated with the Eagle Valley Evaporite underlie portions of the lot. Dissolution of the gypsum under certain conditions can cause sinkholes to develop and can produce areas of localized subsidence. A sinkhole opened in the cart storage parking lot located east of the Pro Shop and west of the Villas North parcel in January 2005. Other irregular bedrock conditions have been identified in the affordable housing site located to the northwest of the Villas North parcel. Irregular H -R~ KUMAR -3 - surface features that could indicate an unusual risk of future ground subsidence were not observed in the Villas North parcel, but localized variable depths of debris fan soils and bedrock quality encountered by the previous September 14, 2005 geotechnical study in the Villas North development area could be the result of past subsidence. The subsurface exploration performed in the area of the proposed residences on Lots 272/273 did not encounter voids but the alluvial fan depth encountered was considerably greater than encountered on nearby lots which could indicate past ground subsidence. In our opinion, the risk of future ground subsidence on Lot 272 in the Villas North parcel throughout the service life of the proposed residence is low and similar to other areas of the Roaring Fork River valley where there have not been indications of ground subsidence, but the owner should be made aware of the potential for sinkhole development. If further investigation of possible cavities in the bedrock below the site is desired, we should be contacted. FIELD EXPLORATION The field exploration for the current project was conducted on August 10, 2016. One exploratory boring was drilled at the location shown on Figure 1 to evaluate the subsurface conditions. The boring was advanced with 4 -inch diameter continuous flight augers powered by a truck -mounted CME -45B drill rig. The boring was logged by a representative of H-13/Kumar. Samples of the subsoils were taken with 1% inch and 2 inch I.D. spoon samplers. The samplers were driven into the subsoils at various depths with blows from a 140 pound hammer falling 30 inches. This test is similar to the standard penetration test described by ASTM Method D-1586. The penetration resistance values are an indication of the relative density or consistency of the subsoils and hardness of the bedrock. Depths at which the samples were taken and the penetration resistance values are shown on the Log of Exploratory Boring, Figure 2. The samples were returned to our laboratory for review by the project engineer and testing. H-! KUMAR -4 - SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS A graphic log of the subsurface conditions encountered at the site is shown on Figure 2. The subsoils consist of about 8 feet of relatively dense, mixed sandy clayey silt and gravel fill overlying about 71/2 feet of stiff, sandy silt with gravel underlain by about 211/2 feet of medium dense/very stiff, silty to very silty sand with gravel. Below the silty sand at about 37 feet deep, was about 5 feet of medium dense, silty sand and gravel underlain by claystone and gypsum bedrock to the maximum drilled depth of 61 feet. The bedrock is Eagle Valley Evaporite and was typically very weathered and became less weathered and very hard with depth. Laboratory testing performed on samples obtained from the boring included natural moisture content and density and finer than sand size gradation analyses. Results of swell -consolidation testing performed on relatively undisturbed drive samples, presented on Figures 4 and 5, indicate low to moderate compressibility under loading and low to minor collapse potential (settlement under constant load) when wetted. The laboratory testing is summarized in Table 1. Free water was encountered in the boring at the time of drilling and when checked 1 day later at a depth of about 43 feet. The upper soils were slightly moist to moist with depth becoming very moist to wet near and below groundwater level. FOUNDATION BEARING CONDITIONS The upper 8 feet of soils consist of fill placed mainly in 2006 as part of the subdivision development. The field penetration tests (blow counts) and laboratory tests performed for the current study, and review of the field density (compaction) tests performed during the fill construction indicate the structural fill was placed and compacted to the project specified 95% of standard Proctor density. Debris fan soils which tend to collapse (settle under constant load) when wetted were encountered below the fill. The amount of settlement will depend on the thickness of the compressible soils due to potential collapse H-Fk. KUMAR -5 - when wetted, and potential compression of the underlying soils after wetting. Relatively deep structural fill will also have some potential for long term settlement but should be considerably less than the alluvial fan deposit. Sources of wetting include irrigation, surface water runoff and utility line leaks. A heavily reinforced structural slab or post - tensioned slab foundation designed for significant differential settlements is recommended for the building support. DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOUNDATIONS Considering the subsurface conditions encountered in the exploratory boring and the nature of the proposed construction, we recommend the building be founded with a heavily reinforced structural slab foundation bearing on about 8 feet of compacted structural fill. A post -tensioned slab foundation could also be used. The design and construction criteria presented below should be observed for a spread footing foundation system. 1) A heavily reinforced structural slab placed on about 8 feet of structural fill should be designed for an allowable bearing pressure of 1,500 psf. A post - tensioned slab if used should be designed for a wetted distance of 10 feet 2) but at least half of the slab width, whichever is more. Based on experience, we expect initial settlement of the slab foundation designed and constructed as discussed in this section will be about 1 inch or less. Additional settlement could occur if the bearing soils were to become wetted. The magnitude of the additional settlement would depend on the depth and extent of wetting but may be on the order of 1 to 1'/2 inches. The thickened sections of the slab for support of concentrated loads should have a minimum width of 20 inches. 3) The perimeter turn -down section of the slab should be provided with adequate soil cover above the bearing elevation for frost protection. H -E KUMAR -6 - Placement of foundations at least 36 inches below exterior grade is typically used in this area. If a frost protected foundation is used, the perimeter turn -down section should have at least 18 inches of soil cover. 4) The foundation should be constructed in a "box -like" configuration rather than with irregular extensions which can settle differentially to the main building area. The foundation walls, where provided, should be heavily reinforced top and bottom to span local anomalies such as by assuming an unsupported length of at least 14 feet. Foundation walls acting as retaining structures (if any) should also be designed to resist Iateral earth pressures as discussed in the "Foundation and Retaining Walls" section of this report. 5) The organic root zone and any loose or disturbed soils should be removed. Additional structural fill placed below the slab bearing level should be compacted to at least 98% of the maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum. 6) A representative of the geotechnical engineer should evaluate the compaction of fill materials and observe all footing excavations prior to concrete placement to evaluate bearing conditions. FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALLS Foundation walls and retaining structures which are laterally supported and can be expected to undergo only a slight amount of deflection should be designed for a lateral earth pressure computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of at least 50 pcf for backfill consisting of the on-site soils. Cantilevered retaining structures which are separate from the building and can be expected to deflect sufficiently to mobilize the full active earth pressure condition should be designed for a lateral earth pressure computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of at least 40 pcf for backfill consisting of the on-site soils. H-Fk KUMAR -7 - All foundation and retaining structures should be designed for appropriate hydrostatic and surcharge pressures such as adjacent footings, traffic, construction materials and equipment. The pressures recommended above assume drained conditions behind the walls and a horizontal backfill surface. The buildup of water behind a wall or an upward sloping backfill surface will increase the lateral pressure imposed on a foundation wall or retaining structure. An underdrain should be provided to prevent hydrostatic pressure buildup behind walls. Backfill should be placed in uniform lifts and compacted to at least 90% of the maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum. Backfill placed in pavement and walkway areas should be compacted to at least 95% of the maximum standard Proctor density. Care should be taken not to overcompact the backfill or use large equipment near the wall, since this could cause excessive lateral pressure on the wall. Some settlement of deep foundation wall backfill should be expected, even if the material is placed correctly, and could result in distress to facilities constructed on the backfill. The lateral resistance of foundation or retaining wall footings will be a combination of the sliding resistance of the footing on the foundation materials and passive earth pressure against the side of the footing. Resistance to sliding at the bottoms of the footings can be calculated based on a coefficient of friction of 0.35. Passive pressure of compacted backfill against the sides of the footings can be calculated using an equivalent fluid unit weight of 300 pcf. The coefficient of friction and passive pressure values recommended above assume ultimate soil strength. Suitable factors of safety should be included in the design to limit the strain which will occur at the ultimate strength, particularly in the case of passive resistance. Fill placed against the sides of the footings to resist lateral loads should be compacted to at least 95% of the maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum. NONSTRUCTURAL FLOOR SLABS Compacted structural fill can be used to support lightly loaded slab -on -grade construction separate from the building foundation. The fill soils can be compressible when wetted H -I KUMAR -8 - and result in some post -construction settlement. To reduce the effects of some differential movement, slabs -on -grade should be separated from the building to allow unrestrained vertical movement. Floor slab control joints should be used to reduce damage due to shrinkage cracking. The requirements for joint spacing and slab reinforcement should be established by the designer based on experience and the intended slab use. A minimum 4 -inch layer of well -graded sand and gravel, such as road base, should be placed beneath slabs for support. This material should consist of minus 2 -inch aggregate with at least 50% retained an the No. 4 sieve and Less than 12% passing the No. 200 sieve. All fill materials for support of floor slabs should be compacted to at Least 95% of maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum. Required fill can consist of the on-site soils devoid of vegetation, topsoil and oversized rock. UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM It is our understanding that the finished floor elevation at the lowest level of the proposed residence will be at or above the surrounding grade. Therefore, a foundation drain system Although free water was encountered during our exploration well below is not required. probable foundation depths, it has been our experience in the area that local perched groundwater can develop during times of heavy precipitation or seasonal runoff. Frozen ground during spring runoff can create a perched condition. We recommend below -grade construction, such as retaining walls, be protected from wetting and hydrostatic pressure buildup by an underdrain system. If finished floor elevation of the proposed residence has a floor level below the surrounding grade, we should be contacted to provide recommendations for an underdrain system. All earth retaining structures should be properly drained. SURFACE DRAINAGE Precautions to prevent wetting of the bearing soils, such as proper backfill construction, positive backlit] slopes, restricting landscape irrigation and use of roof gutters need to be H -PL KUMAR -9 - taken to limit settlement and building distress. The following drainage precautions should be observed during construction and maintained at all times after the residence has been completed: 1) Inundation of the foundation excavations and underslab areas should be avoided during construction. 2) Exterior backfill should be adjusted to near optimum moisture and compacted to at least 95% of the maximum standard Proctor density in pavement and slab areas and to at least 90% of the maximum standard Proctor density in landscape areas. 3) The ground surface surrounding the exterior of the building should be sloped to drain away from the foundation in all directions. We recommend a minimum slope of 6 inches in the first 5 feet in unpaved areas and a minimum slope of 2% inches in the first 10 feet in paved areas. Graded swales should have a minimum slope of3%. 4) Roof downspouts and drains should discharge well beyond the limits of all backfill. 5) Landscaping which requires regular heavy irrigation should be located at least 10 feet from foundation walls. Consideration should be given to use of xeriscape to reduce the potential for wetting of soils below the building caused by irrigation. LIMITATIONS This study has been conducted in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering principles and practices in this area at this time. We make no warranty either express or implied. The conclusions and recommendations submitted in this report are based upon the data obtained from the exploratory boring drilled at the location indicated on Figure 1, the proposed type of construction and our experience in the area. Our services do not include determining the presence, prevention or possibility of mold or other biological contaminants (MOBC) developing in the future. if the client is concerned about MOBC, then a professional in this special field of practice should be H -I* KUMAR -10 - consulted. Our findings include interpolation and extrapolation of the subsurface conditions identified at the exploratory boring and variations in the subsurface conditions may not become evident until excavation is performed. If conditions encountered during construction appear different from those described in this report, we should be notified so that re-evaluation of the recommendations may be made. This report has been prepared for the exclusive use by our client for design purposes. We are not responsible for technical interpretations by others of our information. As the project evolves, we should provide continued consultation and Feld services during construction to review and monitor the implementation of our recommendations, and to verify that the recommendations have been appropriately interpreted. Significant design changes may require additional analysis or modifications to the recommendations presented herein. We recommend on-site observation of excavations and foundation bearing strata and testing of structural fill by a representative of the geotechnical engineer. Respectfully Submitted, H -P - KU MAR Steven L. Pawlak, P.E. SLP/ksw cc: RM Construction — Eric i r (ericObuiltwithrrn.com) H -Fit KUMAR f LOT 273 (VACANT) 1 1 1 I BORING 1 int 1 1 1 1 10 0 10 20 APPROXIMATE SCALE—FEET LOT 272 PROPOSED RESIDENCE LOT 271 (BUILT) 1 11 1 1 1 1 5 ta ad CD 16--7--311 H-PiKUMAR LOCATION OF EXPLORATORY BORING Fig. 1 a 3 w W z 0 P — 5960 — 5950 — 5940 — 5930 --- 5920 — 5910 — 5900 •- 5890 BORING 1 EL. 5958' 70/12 WC=8.3 DD=129 — 200=67 86/12 13/12 WC=21.7 D0=92 59/3 WC=8.6 00=119 — 200=49 18/12 WC=8.0 00=119 49/12 13/12 WC=8.9 —200=45 17/12 2/12 50/2 5960 --- 5950 5950 — 5940- 940--- 5930- 5930- 5920- 5920- 5910 5910 — 5900- 900- 5890- 5890- 0 0 ?i 16-7-311 H—P�KUMAR C.o 2ncsl Esc l EMINN d.*Crt l uueul/ T.eerq l innenm.ny LOGS OF EXPLORATORY BORINGS Fig. 2 LEGEND ®FILL; MIXED SANDY CLAYEY SILT AND GRAVEL, MEDIUM DENSE. SUGHTLY MOIST, BROWN. 7 L 7 SILT (ML); SUGHTLY CLAYEY, SANDY, SCATTERED GRAVEL. STIFF. MOIST. REDDISH BROWN. SAND AND SILT (SM—ML); SCATTERED GRAVEL MEDIUM DENSE/VERY STIFF, M015T, REDDISH BROWN. SAND AND GRAVEL (5M—GM); SILTY, SOME SANDY SILT LAYERS. MEDIUM DENSE, BROWN. SUBANGULAR TO ROUNDED ROCK. WEATHERED CLAYSTONE AND GYPSUM; SOFT TO HARD WITH DEPTH, VERY MOIST TO WET, GRAY AND WHITE. EAGLE VALLEY EVAPORITE. RELATIVELY UNDISTURBED DRIVE SAMPLE; 2—INCH I.D. CALIFORNIA LINER SAMPLE. DRIVE SAMPLE; STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT). 1 3/8 INCH 1.0. SPLIT SPOON SAMPLE, ASTM D-1586. 70/12 DRIVE SAMPLE BLOW COUNT. INDICATES THAT 70 BLOWS OF A 140—POUND HAMMER FALLING 30 INCHES WERE REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE CALIFORNIA OR SPT SAMPLER 12 INCHES. 1 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL AND NUMBER OF DAYS AFTER DRILLING MEASUREMENT WAS MADE. DEPTH AT WHICH BORING CAVED. NOTES 1. THE EXPLORATORY BORING WAS DRILLED ON AUGUST 10, 2016 WITH A 4—INCH DIAMETER CONTINUOUS FLIGHT POWER AUGER. 2. THE LOCATION OF THE EXPLORATORY BORING WAS MEASURED APPROXIMATELY BY PACING FROM FEATURES SHOWN ON THE SITE PLAN PROVIDED. 3. THE ELEVATION OF THE EXPLORATORY BORING WAS MEASURED BY INTERPOLATION BETWEEN CONTOURS ON THE PLAN PROVIDED. 4. THE EXPLORATORY BORING LOCATION AND ELEVATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ACCURATE ONLY TO THE DEGREE IMPLIED BY THE METHOD USED. 5. THE LINES BETWEEN MATERIALS SHOWN ON THE EXPLORATORY BORING LOG REPRESENT THE APPROXIMATE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN MATERIAL TYPES AND THE TRANSITIONS MAY BE GRADUAL 6. GROUNDWATER LEVEL SHOWN ON THE LOG WAS MEASURED AT THE TIME AND UNDER CONDITIONS INDICATED. FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WATER LEVEL MAY OCCUR WITH TIME. 7. LABORATORY TEST RESULTS: WC = WATER CONTENT (X) (ASTM 0 2216); OD = DRY DENSITY (pcf) (ASTM 0 2216); —200= PERCENTAGE PASSING NO. 200 SIEVE (ASTM 0 1140). 16-7-311 H-P-KUMAR CoarwriYe. Mos tenfreutCmannwrava i:,r.1 ko emotive LEGEND AND NOTES Fig. 3 1 0 —2 3 z 0 z 0 1 --5 — 6 — 7 16-7-311 H-P-KUMAR SWELL -CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULT r ns nwF�.n+.p=C+rirwo• 1 IAv.rLnf. T.anm 1 rn,b...w.Mal Fig. 4 SAMPLE OF: Sandy Clayey 5111 FROM: Boring 1 0 10' WC = 21.7 X. DD = 92 pct 11111 I ADDITIONAL COMPRESSION UNDER CONSTANT PRESSURE DUE TO WETTING 111 II 111111 iiik II i_ 1 _ 11 1111 lbwss isst.r . ameoc e r u =WI b. n ndrog. sill In .0iIia4 w .. w.r r f 1v1 za aw sYYw. .s Cnw.ai.M�..M arrd.r .M 0-474L 1 10 APPUED PRESSURE — KSF 10 10 16-7-311 H-P-KUMAR SWELL -CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULT r ns nwF�.n+.p=C+rirwo• 1 IAv.rLnf. T.anm 1 rn,b...w.Mal Fig. 4 2 1 1 0 1 ur —2 z 0 7 0 —3 0 Ul z 0 u _4 100 16-7-311 H-P�KUMAR C.:17, r.Y tlq.V..m3 EegF,•werq 0. IA•+•�W. T..n i f n.�r+•.r•� SWELL -CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULT Fig. 5 SAMPLE OF: Very Silty Sand with Gravel FROM: Boring 1 0 20' WC = B.0 X, DD = 119 pci 11 ADDITIONAL COMPRESSION UNDER CONSTANT DUE TO WETTING PRESSURE 111 I IIII 111 1 1 III UN WO Www —.�y w rr in d h U ifM. moot t2. Wiwi W4 wino pmol r I — !nmaleK�Inc /+M w M namonser iA{N 6�, 100 16-7-311 H-P�KUMAR C.:17, r.Y tlq.V..m3 EegF,•werq 0. IA•+•�W. T..n i f n.�r+•.r•� SWELL -CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULT Fig. 5 Project No. 16-7-311 SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS N N O J SOIL OR BEDROCK TYPE Sandy Clayey Silt with Gravel (Fill) Sandy Clayey Silt Very Silty Sand with 11 Gravel Very Silty Sand with Gravel Very Silty Sand with Gravel UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (PSF} ATTERBERG LIMITS PLASTIC INDEX f d2 3 PERCENT PASSING NO.200 SIEVE '0 en V, _ _ GRADATION 0 Za CI GRAVEL (%) NATURAL DRY DENSITY (Pci) N 0, 0% — 0, — NATURAL. MOISTURE CONTENT (x) rel 00 n N 00 0 00 0% 00 11 SAMPLE LOCATION E4 W 0 \ N O ^' in ^' O N O r*1 0 z E 0 m -- H-P_KUMAR Geolechnice) Engineering i Engineering Geology Materials Testing 1 Environmental 5020 County Road 154 Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 Phone: (970) 945-7988 Fax: (970) 945-8454 Email: hpkglenwood@kumarusa.com September 8, 2016 Kevin Emerson c/o RM Construction Attn: Blake Piland 5030 County Road 154 Glenwood Springs, Colorado 81601 Blake a,buildwithrm.com Office Locations: Parker, Glenwood Springs, and Silverthome, Colorado Project No. 16-7-311 Subject: Addendum of Subgrade Modulus to Subsoil Study Reports, Proposed Residences, Lots 272 and 273, Ironbridge, Blue Heron Vista, Garfield County, Colorado Gentlemen: As requested, we are providing the recommended subgrade modulus for design of structural slab foundations at the subject site. We previously conducted subsoil studies for design of foundations at each of Lots 272 and 273 and presented our findings in reports dated August 31, 2016, Project No. 16-7-311. The soils mainly consist of slightly clayey sandy silt with gravel. can be used for the structural slab design. Other recommendations presented in our previous reports which are applicable should also be observed. A subgrade modulus of 100 tcf If you have any questions or need further assistance, please call our office. Sincerely, H-P� KUMAR Steven L. Pawlak, P.E. SLP/ksw