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GARFIELD COUNTY BUILDING AND SANITATION DEPARTMENT 108 Eighth Street, Suite 401 4632 Glenwood Springs, Colorado 81601 Phone (970) 945-8212 Assessor's Parcel No. Permit S\-(SQD Lik-�©rYt INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL PERMIT PROPERTY Owner's Name System Location ` This does not constitute a building or use permit. Present AddressFnci ES(et) SWE-T I . ' 2 P-), C y Pskkm Legal Description of Assessor's Parcel No. I 163. Z32 . OD. C: c. SYSTEM DESIGN Septic Tank Capacity (gallon) Percolation Rate (minutes/inch) Required Absorption Area - See Attached Special Setback Requirements: Date Inspector FINAL SYSTEM INSPECTION AND APPROVAL (as installed) Call for Inspection (24 hours notice) Before Covering Installation System Installer Septic Tank Capacity Septic Tank Manufacturer or Trade Name Septic Tank Access within 8" of surface Absorption Area Absorption Area Type and/or Manufacturer or Trade Name Adequate compliance with County and State regulations/requirements Other Phone 524 3 Number of Bedrooms (or other) Other Date ' f ( 0 Inspector 7.85V RETAIN WITH RECEIPT RECORDS AT ONSTRUCTION SITE CONDITIONS: 1. All installation must comply with all requirements of the Colorado State Board of Health Individual Sewage Disposal Systems Chapter 25, Article 10 C.R.S. 1973, Revised 1984. 2. This permit is valid only for connection to structures which have fully complied with County zoning and building requirements. Connection to or use with any dwelling or structures not approved by the Building and Zoning office shall automatically be a violation or a requirement of the permit and cause for both legal action and revocation of the permit. 3. Any person who constructs, alters, or installs an individual sewage disposal system in a manner which involves a knowing and material variation from the terms or specifications contained in the application of permit commits a Class 1, Petty Offense ($500.00 fine - 6 months in jail or both). White - APPLICANT Yellow - DEPARTMENT GARFIELD COUNTY SEPTIC PERMIT APPLICATION 108 8th Street, Suite 401, Glenwood Springs, Co 81601 Phone: 970-945-8212 / Fax: 970-384-3470 / Inspection Line: 970-384-5003 www.earfield-coup .com 1 Per Feet .ter. Parcel No: (tpphis information is available at the assessors office 970.945.9134) 2 Permit p: 12032 Job Address: (if an address has not been assigned, please provide Cr, Hwy or Street Name & City) or and legal descdptlon Bud ing & Pla in Dept: 4Mfr 3 Lot Size: Lot No: Block No: C Subdi Exemption: a ACC- 6eT nn A 4 Owner: (properly owner) -(fid CVI Mailing Address it).-.?:cx, - Prli-1`2-Lo Ph: Ct7O S2 -d-4 - c ��a Alt Ph: a 5 Contractor: Matt- b\mn cr- MailingAddress- j). ;?per b.2, ) F ale-._ Cry. P:u„3 Ph: C\ -Ip- -1 1 1— ZReN,r) Alt Ph: 6 Engineer: `Thn CarF1C_'t-. Mailing A dress O. ` 5c2c -lac\ -aa Ph:3�y3- P+1-7..— Cel -R- Alt Ph: r -t 'i Cr\Rt1S1n 7 PERMIT REQUEST FOR: New Installation ( ) Alteration ( ) Repair 8 WASTE TYPE: welling ( )Transient Use ( )Commercial or industrial )Non- Domestic wastes ( )Other - Describe 9 BUILDING OR SERVICE TYPE: "aNe.-.-Y "(l'krat * C NhC Number of bedrooms es Garbage Grinder ( )Yes ( )No 10 SOURCE & TYPE OF WATER SUPPLY: (�Q,WELL ( )SPRING ( )STREAM OR CREEK ( )CISTERN If supplied by COMMUNITY WATER, give name of supplier: 11 DISTANCE TO NEAREST COMMUNITY SEWER SYSTEM: Was an effort made to connect to the Community System? NLA N, 1 4 YOUR INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM PERMIT WILL NOT BE ISSUED WITH OUT A SITE PLAN 12 GROUND CONDITIONS: Depth to 1" Ground Water Table Percent Ground Slope 13 TYPE OF INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM (ISDS) PROPOSED: (fpeptic Tank ( )Aeration Plant ( )Vault ( )Vault Privy ( )Composting Toilet (( )Recycling, Potable Use ( )Recycling, other use ( )Pit Privy ( )Incineration Toilet ( )Chemical Toilet ( )Other- Describe 14 FINAL DISPOSAL BY: (4Absorption trench, Bed or Pit Underground ( )Wastewater pond ( )Other- Dispersal ( )Above Ground Dispersal ( )Evapotranspiration ( )Sand filter Describe 15 Will effluent be discharged directly into waters of the state? ( )YES fNO 16 PERCOLATION TEST RESULT: (to be completed by Registered Professional Engineer, it the Engineer does the Percolation Test) Minutes Lir \ per inch in hole No.1 Minutes L1C, per inch in hole No.3 No._ "g -re- -PAZ- X17 Minutes Lt C) per inch in hole No.2 Minutes per inch in hole Name, address & telephone of RPE who made Name, address & telephone of RPE responsible soil absorption test(' r QY—l\ er'rc� (,carp • for design of the system:'RC).'t'-C x, 09. "'s -1t a ,b, --,cat e.c ac \ t0 17 Applicant acknowledges that the completeness of the local health department to be made and furnished issuance of the permit is subject to such terms and reports submitted herewith and required to be submitted and are designed to be relied on by the local department understand that any falsification or misrepresentation the application is conditional upon such further mandatory by the applicant or by the local health department conditions as deemed necessary to insure compliance by the applicant are or will be represented to of health in evaluating the same for purposes may result in the denial of the application or revocation e and additional test and reports as may be required by for purposed of the evaluation of the application; and the with rules and regulations made, information and be true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief of issuing the permit applied for herein. I further of any permit granted based upon said application -t and le.. -.2. f. •• jury ay.rovided by law. OWNE-S SIG `AJURE--" DATE STAFF USE ONLY Permit Fee: r13 . CFO Per Feet .ter. Total fees: n3 . do Building Permit p: 12032 Septic Permit #: y(032 Issue Date: 4•0.aal Bud ing & Pla in Dept: 4Mfr APPR VAL Vv�V�` " DATE Wednesday, August 11, 2010 Tel Gates P. 0. Box 80 Burns, CO 80426 Re: Septic System Installation Lot 5, Sweetwater Road, Gypsum I have inspected the components of the ISDS at the subject site. It is my professional opinion that the installation is in substantial compliance to the design documents. Carrick Engineering Corp. Page 1 SITE SUBSURFACE REPORT CLIENT: Tel Gates P.O. Box 80 Burns, CO 80426 OUR JOB NUMBER: 3048 JOB LOCATION: SWEETWATER ROAD GYPSUM, CO GARFIELD COUNTY MARCH 6, 2009 CONTENTS A. SCOPE OF STUDY B. CAUTIONARY NOTE TO CLIENT C. PROPOSED STRUCTURE D. SITE CONDITIONS E. SUMMARY F. OPEN HOLE INSPECTIONS G. SWELL INDEX H. ALLOWABLE LOAD-BEARING VALUES OF SOILS I. SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS J. SURFACE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS K. DAMP PROOFING OF FOUNDATION WALLS L. CONSTRUCTION LIMITATIONS M. LANDSCAPE LIMITATIONS N. FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS O. RADON P. FLOOD PLAIN DETERMINATION Q. PERCOLATION AND SEPTIC R. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS S. SOIL DATA T. SITE LOCATION MAP U. BORING LOCATION MAP H. ALLOWABLE LOAD-BEARING VALUES OF SOILS Allowable load-bearing values of soils shall be as listed in section 1804 of the "International Building Code" 2003 edition, unless modified in this report. ALLOWABLE LATERAL FOUNDATION BEARING PRESSURE (psf/f below (psf)d natural grade)d CLASS OF MATERIALS Crystalline bedrock 12,000 1,200 Sedimentary and foliated rock 4,000 400 Sandy gravel and/or gravel (GW and GP) 3,000 200 Sand, silty sand, clayey sand, silty gravel and clayey gravel (SW, SP, SM, SC, GM and GC) 2,000 150 Clay, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey silt, silt and sandy silt (CL, ML, MH and CH) 1,500c 100 For this site the soil bearing pressure below footings should not exceed 2000 lbs. per sq. ft. I. SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS For all residential structures, a perimeter drain shall be installed around the entire habitable or usable space (see code). This drain shall be extended to daylight or a sump pit with pump. J. SURFACE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS The ground surrounding the structure should be sloped away from the structure for a minimum of 7 inches in the first 10 feet. Runoff from the roof should be collected in a gutter system. Downspouts from the gutters should be extended to at least 10 feet from the structure with positive drainage away from the structure at that point. Hard surfaces adjacent to the structure (drive, walks) must have a slope away from the structure. Drainage from the structure area should be conducted away from the area so that no ponding occurs near the structure. Any existing drainage running to the structure area should be diverted around the structure area with a minimum of at least 50 feet between any drainage path and the structure. CARRICK ENGINEERING CORP. K. DAMP PROOFING OF FOUNDATION WALLS All foundation walls shall have dampproofing per the requirements of section R406 of the International Residential Code. (IRC) All walls in areas with a high water table or which may be exposed to excessive water shall have waterproofing per Section R406.2. L. CONSTRUCTION LIMITATIONS The foundation excavation must be maintained at a relatively stable water content level during construction to limit swell or contraction after backfilling. To this end the foundation excavation and construction should be accomplished rapidly. The surfaces of the excavated area must be prevented from drying out or from absorbing excess water until backfilling occurs. Clay material must not be used as backfill material. Only silty sand or sand may be used for backfill. Backfill should be placed in eight inch lifts with each lift compacted to 95% of standard proctor for the given material by mechanical means. Water jetting or ponding must never be used as a means of compacting the fill material. All water, both supply and waste below foundations or slabs must be pressure tested before the concrete is placed. All utility lines and connection must be designed to accommodate substantial movement. Gutters, down spouts and drains must be installed as soon as possible on the roofs of structures to prevent water from collecting around the structure. M. LANDSCAPE LIMITATIONS No sod or irrigation within five feet of any structure. No large trees within 30 feet of any structure unless the tree species has been shown to have limited root structure. Irrigation must be limited to only essential requirements. Excess irrigation of the lawn can produce conditions which swell or consolidation of the soil could damage the structure. It must also be noted that water usage in the area could change the water table or moisture content of the soils which could produce detrimental effects on the structure. CARRICK ENGINEERING CORP. N. FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS - clay non -expansive FOUNDATIONS Swell/consolidation tests performed on representative soil samples indicate a low swell index. Traditional spread footing foundation systems are indicated as acceptable construction. With this type of foundation system, one should expect a low probability of foundation movement and cracking. Lots with a low swell index may have footings placed directly on virgin soil. BASEMENT FLOORS Unfinished basements, used primarily for storage, where the client is willing to accept the risk of cracking, settlement and heaving may be constructed as slab -on -grade. Any partition walls in the basement must be constructed as floating walls. A structural floor system with a void underneath is recommended for all basements used as finished, habitable space. The void space must be power ventilated by a system designed by a competent HVAC engineer. OTHER FLATWORK Garage floors, sidewalks, patios and other non-structural flatwork may be expected to crack, settle or heave. These slabs should be adequately isolated from structural elements. If degradation of the slab becomes excessive, the slab should be replaced. 0. RADON Determination of radon is beyond the scope of this report. P. FLOOD PLAIN DETERMINATION Determination of flood plain boundaries is beyond the scope of this report. CARRICK ENGINEERING CORP. Q. PERCOLATION RATES AND ISDS RECOMMENDATIONS At the time of the site visit the ground was frozen and there was significant snow fall accumulation. The test pits had been pre - dug and were visible to establish the soil profile and obtain bag samples. It was not practical to do an actual percolation test. Alternatively the percolation rate was determined using methodology developed by the Tri -County Health Department (attached). This methodology is based upon soil type. In this case the same soil type was observed in all test pits. Based upon the charts, the design percolation rate for this property is 40 min/inch. Sizing for the system follows: CARRICK ENGINEERING CORP. Sheetl CARRICK ENGINEERING CORP. SOILS TEST DATA JOB NUMBER 3048 PROJECT NAME GATES DATE 3/6/2009 ATTERBURG LIMITS PAN NO. SAMPLE SLH - B DEPTH 12' plop(LL) worms(PL) number of Wows g 26 no entry wet soil and tare g 218.5 17.69 dry soil and tare g 208 17.58 tare weight g 160 16.87 weiah of water g 10.5 0.11 weight of dry soil g 48 0.71 moisture content % 21.88 15.49 LIQUID LIMIT (LL) 22 PLASTIC LIMIT (PL) 15 PLASTICITY INDEX (PI) 6 GRADATION wet soil and tare g 1137.5 % gravel 0.3 dry soil and tare (before wash) g 1029 %sand 70.3 dry soil and tare (after wash) g 782.5 %clay/silt 29.7 tare wt 169 total 100.3 dry soil (before wash) 860 dry soil (after wash) 613.5 255 natural moisture content 12.6 SIEVE ANALYSIS cumulative wt. (9) tare wt on scale 169 sieve size 3/8 inch no. 4 no.8 no.16 no 30 no. 50 no. 100 no. 200 pan retained wl % ret. % passing 426.5 257.5 0.3 99.7 488.5 319.5 0.5 99.5 537.5 368.5 0.4 99.6 578 409 47.6 52.4 617.5 448.5 52.2 47.8 660.5 491.5 57.2 42.8 711 542 63.0 37.0 774 605 70.3 29.7 782 613 Page 1 „Sr /6 ems; % 5/12 Sheet/ CARRICK ENGINEERING CORP. SOILS TEST DATA JOB NUMBER 3048 PROJECT NAME GATES DATE 3/6/2009 PERCENT PASSING 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 SIEVE ANALYSIS 3/8 inch no. 4 no.8 no.16 no 30 no. 50 SIEVE SIZE no. 100 no. 200 Page 1 1- 0 0 j ± z 0 Rw w• 0 1-• \ a• < / / §\q tZ I� 00 j \ eg z \ 3 0 LL 0 5 Expected Percolation Rates (minutes per inch) (\\ 5 to 20 \\\\} } Bedrock -Engineered System Required Density, Consistency, Hardness Very Loose ) Medium Dense Dense to Very Dense z\ < �a < z. < Blow Counts (# blows/12") / 5to10 J 11 to 30 + 0 ) . < 0 ) \ < 0 ) . < | I\ % § CO % 0 $ Not Required Not Required Atterberg Limits uid Limit ( Plasticit \\} ( Passing #200 Sieve (/ CO �� /(} §)G \ / Soil Description Silty Sand or Clayey Sand Silt, Clays (low - medium plasticity) Clay (high plasticity) or Silt CARRICK ENGINEERING CORP. P.O. Box 709 STRASBURG, COLORADO 80136 (303) 622-9607 FAX (303) 622-9688 JOB SHEET NO CALCULATED BY CHECKED BY SCALE OF DATE DATE lee/ ;70A/ /171.14 ear 8 SE o �tv k, 8' 5 of eoL.4 SP/20tirc S 44- ie X /50_ msnonsfro ctt7t 6, 5-/-EtiVe.r 6 /4 /4' G/NI7-5/6 z 4o Biu_Z�O# q-4/10,7 Rat 42 7)774 C %ssG e ,mss 0 r i4 u4i CAtt 0A. PRODUCT 200.1 (Single Reels) 2054 )Pad4e0 CALCULATED LENGTH SYSTEM SIZING FORMULA #4 ADJUSTMENT FOR DEEP GR �tth required X W+2 prior to a. . ent W + 1 + 2d Where: W = width of d or trench (in feet) d = d of gravel below distribution pipe (in fe SYSTEM SIZING FORMU 5 EVAPO SPIRATION SYS (FORMULA METHOD) SYSTEM SIZING FORMULA #6 CHAMBER SYSTEMS FOR SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING ABSORPTION AREAS (Except EQ -36) Number of Chambers Per Bedroom (Bed Configuration) _ [0.6 (1.40 x Q 11715 Number of Chamber Per Bedroom (Trench Configuration) = Where: Q Open Area (square feet) per chamber * [0.5(1.40xQ 17/5)] Open Area (square feet) per chamber * Total daily peak flow per bedroom (1.5 x 2 persons/bedroom x 75 gallons/person/day) = 225 gall( Average Percolation Rate, in minutes per inch, Rounded upward to 20, 40, or 60 mpi * OPEN AREA PER CHAMBER: Hancor Envirochamber = 15.5 square feet Infiltrator (H-10, High Capacity H-10, and H-20) = 15.5 square feet Note: For sizing of systems using the Infiltrator EQ -36, refer to Section 8.20 B.2) Biodiffuser = 15.5 square feet (17-4) 62; Le" ig 11°.3 41 A litk '60 fire; • Cd( -),-o Jaffe_ C72 SYSTEM SIZING FORMULA #7 CHAMBER SYSTEMS FOR COMMERCIAL, BUSINESS, INSTITUTIONAL OR INDUSTRIAL ABSORPTION AREAS (Exce . t EQ -36 ber of Chambers (Be nfiguration) = per of Chambers (Trench Configuratio A x 0.60 Open Area (square fee N Open er Chamber* A x 0.50 rea (square feet) per Chamber* re the Area A is determined from System .'ung Formula f ,. ',NI AREA PER CHAMBER: r Envirochamber = 15 , square feet ator(H-10, High .pacity H-10, and H-20) = 15.5 square feet For sizing of s tems using the Infiltrator EQ -36, refer to Section 8.20 B. 4 g\ 4‘-e e`- al 0 Fuser = 15. square feetco $ -ciP °3 � �e- ke keel J� k`° e y �Q\`\ J• PA c:x 9e0 Grad 93�' �ak5 ogeeaa�c5etG36 reet> airP�ako •or�P� �1‘c�` 0 G ate .\���` �5. �Jc \s'0 9 e a �0\5�'4) Gr�a�6 oQe \y\a°ae�a�9 �`�� J\G��G�. ea, ar�real eQs ori O `ti�e� oleo Gra c\' ti3 Stec � °r,�ayae o�eayQ1/4> 9`9J• eQ• . reg a„:oc 39 `oe Q. d2 ram trey aaG 2a. \ J��L 1g1 aa� d` evOc c\9� of �� �aac�\`re t2 o��°;oa`�xt6�C �J�\6�yQ y.Ij' �3:t \. e a�v� �G33ti5 a�x� -`re �egtir` P ^5. aQ 9t°2 ,c,‘"\°. ��°. d7� Sec°r�Y \�rG .1`o.�aao �eal���0e� O;G��� \Qe9 Jetiy5 �a0or• 4 ` ec �aQ'(0i TABLE #4 LIST OF APPROVED PLASTIC PIPE FOR SEPTIC USES TYPES OF PIPES PVC (Type PS -46) ABS (Sewer Pipe) ABS (DMV Schedule 40) PVC (Type PSM) 'VC (STD or Perforated) PE (Corrugated -Perforated) ASTM STANDARD F787-82 D2751-80 D2661-78 D3034-80 D2729-80 F405-82(3) BUILDING SEWER LINES (1) YES YES (2) YES YES (2) NO NO OTHER SEWER LINES (4) YES YES (2) YES YES (2) NO NO ALL LINES IN ABSORPTION SYSTEM YES YES (2) YES YES (2) YES YES 'rom building to septic/aeration tank to absorption system or trenches. Commingling of plastic materials shall not be done within this area except through the use of proper adapters. When the building sewer is of a type of material that is different from the building drain, proper transition fittings shall be used. 'ipe shall not have an SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio) number greater than 35. . ileavy duty (only) . Additional treatment facilities and sand filter collection lines and distribution lines. ASTM- American Society or Testing and Materials. Tote: The last two numbers of the ASTM Standard indicate the date of the edition. The latest edition shall be the 's for this regulation. TABLE #5 APPROVED FILL SPECIFICATION Sieve Size 3/ #4 #8 Percent Pass 100 70-80 0-25 0-10 0-2 6 #200 n TABLE #6 SEPTIC TANK SIZE BASED UPON NUMBER OF BEDROOMS Number of Bedrooms 3 or less 4 Each Additional Minimum Effective Liquid Tank Capacity (gallons) 1,000 1,250 250 A see map 2 c. c 1073r 107 .1. 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Cop6ng Is prohibited B see map 27 0 1 2 5 111 i es scale 1:600,000 N en a te 0 D USDA Uni ed States a Department of AT:culture 4 NRC Natural Resources Conservation Service A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Aspen -Gypsum Area, Colorado, Parts of Eagle, Garfield, and Pitkin Counties Tel Gates Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface 2 How Soil Surveys Are Made 5 Soil Map 76 Soil Map 9 Legend Map Unit Legend 10 Map Unit Descriptions 10 Aspen -Gypsum Area, Colorado, Parts of Eagle, Garfield, and Pitkin Counties 12 95—Showalter-Morval complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes 12 References 14 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5 Custom Soil Resource Report individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil - landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7 ƒ Custom Soil Re MAP INFORMATION MAP LEGEND Map Scale: 1:439 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet. Very Stony Spot The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Special Line Features o. mtri Closed Depression Local Roads _ �`�)f\# 0(555 \}j k\ Severely Eroded Spot »e»•x,e<1 @ >+::o rn Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Aspen -Gypsum Area, Colorado, Parts of Eagle, Garfield, and Pitkin Counties (C0655) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in A01 Percent of AOI 95 Showalter-Morval complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes 0.5 100.0% Totals for Area of Interest 0.5 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. 10 Custom Soil Resource Report An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha - Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 11 Custom Soil Resource Report Aspen -Gypsum Area, Colorado, Parts of Eagle, Garfield, and Pitkin Counties 95—Showalter-Morval complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Elevation: 7,000 to 8,500 feet Mean annual precipitation: 14 to 16 inches Mean annual air temperature: 42 to 44 degrees F Frost -free period: 80 to 90 days Map Unit Composition Showalter and similar soils: 45 percent Morval and similar soils: 35 percent Description of Showalter Setting Landform: Alluvial fans, terraces, valley sides Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium derived from basalt Properties and qualities Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 10 percent Available water capacity: Low (about 5.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated): 7s Ecological site: Loamy Slopes (R048AY303C0) Other vegetative classification: LOAMY SLOPES (null_31) Typical profile 0 to 8 inches: Very stony loam 8 to 39 inches: Very cobbly clay 39 to 60 inches: Very cobbly clay loam Description of Morval Setting Landform: Alluvial fans Down-slope shape: Linear Across -slope shape: Linear Parent material: Alluvium derived from basalt Properties and qualities Slope: 15 to 25 percent 12 Custom Soil Resource Report Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 25 percent Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm) Available water capacity: High (about 9.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e Ecological site: Deep Loam (R048AY292C0) Other vegetative classification: DEEP LOAM (null_11) Typical profile 0 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 19 inches: Clay loam 19 to 60 inches: Loam 13 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nres.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430 -VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 14 Custom Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. 15 ti