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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSubsoil StudyI Crt iiffil;ïåii[diJF,,l,r ;... * An Employcc Owncd Gompony 5020 County Road 154 Glenwood Springs, CO 81601 phone: (970)945-7988 fax: (970) 945-8454 email : kaglenwood@kumarusa.com wwwkumarusa.com Office Locations: Denver (HQ), Parker, Colorado Springs, Fort Collins, Glenwood Springs, and Summit County, Colorado RËCEIVED lili ? ? ,lii?;) GARFIELD COUNTY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SUBSOIL STUDY FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN PROPOSED RESIDENCE LOT 283, TRONBRTDGE BLUE HERON VISTA GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO PROJECT NO.21-7-218 APRIL 13,2021 PREPARED FOR: SCIB, LLC ATTN: LUKE GOSDA 0115 BOOMERANG ROAD, SUrTE 52018 ASPEN, COLORADO 81611 TABLE OF CONTENTS PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY BACKGROUND INFORMATION .... PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION I 1 1 SITE CONDITIONS ...- 2 - a -2- SUBSIDENCE POTENTIAL... FIELD EXPLORATION. SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS ....- 3 - FOUNDATION BEARING CONDITIONS ....-3 - DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS ..4- FOI.INDATIONS ,..,..,.- 4 - FOLINDATION AND RETAINING WALLS .................. 5 . NONSTRUCTURAL FLOOR SLABS ..........- 6 - UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM............. ................- 6 - SITE GRADING....... ..- 7 - SURFACE DRAINAGE LIMITATIONS.-8- FIGURE 1 - LOCATION OF EXPLORATORY BORING FIGURE 2 - LOG OF EXPLORATORY BORING FIGURE 3 - SWELL-CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS FIGURE 4 _ GRADATION TEST RESULTS TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS ............- 7 - Kumar & Associates, lnc. @ Project No.21-7-218 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY This report presents the results of a subsoil study for a proposed residence to be located on Lot2S3,Ironbridge, Blue Heron Vista, Garfield County, Colorado. The project site is shown on Figure l. The pu{pose of the study was to develop recommendations for the foundation design. The study was conducted in accordance with our agreement for geotechnical engineering services to SCIB, LLC dated February 18,202I. An exploratory boring was drilled to obtain information on the subsurface conditions. Samples of the subsoils obtained during the field exploration were tested in the laboratory to determine their classification, expansion-compression potential and other engineering characteristics. The results of the f,reld exploration and laboratory testing were analyzedto develop recommendations for foundation types, depths and allowable pressures for the proposed building foundation. This report summarizes the data obtained during this study and presents our conclusions, design recommendations and other geotechnical engineering considerations based on the proposed construction and the subsurface conditions encountered. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The proposed residence is located in the existing Ironbridge development. Hepworth-Pawlak Geotechnical, Inc. (now Kumar & Associates) previously conducted subsurface exploration and geotechnical evaluation for the development of Villas North and Villas South parcels, Job No. 105 115-6, report dated September 14,2005, and performed observation and testing services during the infrastructure construction, Job No. 106 0367, between April 2006 and April 2007. The information provided in these previous reports has been considered in the current study of Lot283. PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION At the time of our study, design plans for the residence had not been developed. The residence will likely be a one or two-story, wood-frame structure with structural slab foundation and no basement or crawlspace. Grading for the structure is assumed to be relatively minor with cut and fill depths up to about 3 to 4 feet. We assume relatively light foundation loadings, typical of the proposed type of construction. If building loadings, location or grading plans change signif,rcantly from those described above, we should be notified to re-evaluate the recommendations contained in this report. Kumar & Associates, lnc, @ Project No.21-7-218 ,' SITE CONDITIONS The subject site was vacant at the time of our field exploration. The lot is located in the north part of thc Villas North Paroel. The natural temain prior to development in 2006 sloped down to the east at about 5%o grade. The subdivision area was elevated by filling on the order of 12 feet above the original ground surface to create a relatively flat and gently sloping building site off Blue Heron Vista. An MSE retaining wall up to around 9 feet high supports the north perimeter of the fill section as shown on Figure l. Vegetation consists of grass and weeds with scattered sage brush. SUBSIDENCE POTENTIAL Eagle Valley Evaporite underlies the project area which is known to be associated with sinkholes andlocalized ground subsidence in the Roaring Fork Valley. A sinkhole opened in the cart storage parking lot located east of the Pro Shop and west of the Villas North parcel in January 2005. Irregular surface features were not observed in the Villas North parcel that could indicate an unusual risk of future ground subsidence. Variable depths of the debris fan soils were locally encountered by the previous September 14,2005 geotechnical study which indicates there could have been localized subsidence of the river gravel deposits. The current subsurface exploration performed in the area of the proposed residence on Lot 283 did not encounter voids. In our opinion, the risk of future ground subsidence on Lot 283 throughout the service life of the proposed residence is low and similar to other areas of the Roaring Fork Valley where there have not been indications of ground subsidence. FIELD EXPLORATION The field exploration for the project was conducted on March 22,202I. One exploratory boring was drilled at the location shown on Figure 1 to evaluate the subsurface conditions. The boring was advanced with 4-inch diameter continuous flight augers powered by a truck-mounted CME- 458 drill rig. The boring was logged by a representative of Kumar & Associates, Inc. Samples of the suhsoils were taken with l% inch ancl 2-inch I.D. spoon samplers. The samplers were driven into the subsoils at various depths with blows from a 140 pound hammer falling 30 inches. This test is similar to the standard penetration test described by ASTM Method D-1586. Thc pcnctration resistance values are an indication of the relative density or consistency of the subsoils. Depths at which the samples were taken and the penetration resistance values are shown on the Log of Exploratory Boring, Figure 2. The samples were returned to our laboratory fbr review by the project engineer and tcsting. Kumar & Associates, Inc. @ Project No. 21.7.218 a-J- SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS A graphic log of the subsurface conditions encountered at the site is shown on Figure 2. The subsoils encountered, consist of compacted fill soils to 12 feet deep overlying stiff, sandy clay and silt soils (alluvial fan deposits) underlain by dense, silty sandy gravel with cobbles at a depth of about 20 leet to the maximum drilled depth of 24 feet. The fill materials were mainly placed in2006 and consist of relatively dense, mixed silt, sand and gravel. Drilling in the coarse granular subsoils was difficult due to the cobbles and practical auger drilling was encountered in the deposit. Laboratory testing performed on samples obtained from the boring included natural moisture content and density and gradation analyses. Results of swell-consolidation testing performed on a relatively undisturbed sample of the silt and clay soil, shown on Figure 3, indicate low to moderate compressibility under conditions of loading and wetting. Results of gradation analyses performed on a small diameter drive sample (minus lYz-inch fraction) of the granular fill soils are shown on Figure 4. The laboratory testing is summarized in Table 1. No free water was encountered in the boring at the time of drilling and the subsoils were slightly moist. FOUNDATION BEARING CONDITIONS The upper 12 feet of soils encountered in the boring consist of fill placed mainly in 2006 as part of the subdivision development. The field penetration tests and laboratory tests performed for the study, and review of the field density tests performed during the fill construction indicate the structural fill was placed and compacted to the project specified minimum 95% of standard Proctor density. Alluvial fan soils which tend to collapse (settle under constant load) when wetted were encountered below the fill. The amount of settlement will depend on the thickness of the compressible soils due to potential collapse when wetted, and the future compression of the wetted soils following construction. Relatively deep structural fill as encountered will also have some potential for long-term settlement but should be significantly less than the alluvial fan deposits. Proper grading, drainage and compaction as presented in the Surface Drainage section will help to keep the subsoils dry and reduce the settlement risks. A heavily reinforced structural slab or post-tensioned slab foundation designed for significant differential settlements is recommended for the building support. As an alternative, a deep foundation that extends down into the underlying dense, river gravel could be used to reduce the building settlement risk. Kumar & Associates, lnc. o Project No.21-7-218 -4- DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOUNDATIONS Considering the subsurfäce conditions encountered in l"he exploratory boring and the nature of the proposed construction, we recommend the building be founded with a heavily reinforced structural slah or post-tensioned slah for¡ndation hearing on ahorrt 12 feet. of the existing compacted structural f,rll. The structural engineer should consider the close proximity of the MSE wall to the north side of the residence in the foundation design to not adversely impact wall stability and for potential differential settlement. If a deep foundation system is considered for building support, we should be contacted for additional recommendations. The design and construction criteria presented below should be observed for a heavily reinforced structural slab or post-tensioned slab foundation system. 1) A heavily reinforced structural slab or post-tensioned slab structural fill should be designed for an allowable bearing The post-tensioned slab placed on structural fill should be placed on 1,500 psf. distance of 1 0 fcct or at lcast half of thc slab width, whichcver is grcater. Settlement of foundation is estimated to be about I to I% inches based on the long-term compressibility of the fill. Additional settlement of about 1 to 1% inches is estimatecl if the underlying debris fan soils were to become wet. Settlement from the deep wetting would tend to be uniform across the building area and the settlement potential of the fill section should control the design. 2) The thickened sections of the slab for support of concentrated loads should have a minimum width of 20 inches. 3) The perimeter turn-down section of the slab should be provided with adequate soil cover above their bearing elevation for frost protection. Placement of foundations at least 36 inches below exterior grade is typically used in this area. If a frost- protected foundation is used, the perimeter turn-down section should have at least 18 inches ofsoil cover. 4) The foundation should be constructed in a "box-like" configuration rather than with irrcgular cxtcnsions which can scttlc difi'crcntially to thc main building arca. The foundation walls, where provided, should be heavily reinforced top and bottom to span local anomalies such as by assuming an unsupported length of af least 14 fbet. Foundation walls acting as retaining structures, if any, should also be designed to resist lateral earth pressures as discussed in the "Foundation and Retaining Walls" section of this report. a Kumar & Associates, lnc. o Project No.21-7-218 -5- 5)The root zone and any loose or disturbed soils should be removed. Additional structural fill placed below the slab should be compacted to at least 98o/o of the maximum standard Proctor density within 2 percentage points of the optimum moisture content. A representative of the geotechnical engineer should evaluate the compaction of the fill materials and observe all footing excavations prior to concrete placement to evaluate bearing conditions. 6) FOI.]NDATION AND RETAINING WALLS Foundation walls and retaining structures (if any) which are laterally supported and can be expected to undergo only a slight amount of deflection should be designed for a lateral earth pressure computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of at least 50 pcf for backfill consisting of the on-site soils. Cantilevered retaining structures which are separate from the residence and can be expected to deflect sufficiently to mobilizethe full active earth pressure condition should be designed for a lateral earth pressure computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of at least 40 pcf for backfill consisting of the on-site soils. All foundation and retaining structures should be designed for appropriate hydrostatic and surcharge pressures such as adjacent footings, traff,tc, construction materials and equipment. The pressures recommended above assume drained conditions behind the walls and a horizontal backfill surface. The buildup of water behind a wall or an upward sloping backfill surface will increase the lateral pressure imposed on a foundation wall or retaining structure. An underdrain should be provided to prevent hydrostatic pressure buildup behind walls. Backfill should be placed in uniform lifts and compacted to at least 90Yo of the maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum. Backfill placed in pavement and walkway areas should be compacted to at least 95Yo of the maximum standard Proctor density. Care should be taken not to overcompact the backfill or use large equipment near the wall, since this could cause excessive lateral pressure on the wall. Some settlement of deep foundation wall backfill should be expected, even if the material is placed correctly, and could result in distress to facilities constructed on the backfill. The lateral resistance of foundation or retaining wall footings will be a combination of the sliding resistance of the footing on the foundation materials and passive earth pressure against the side of the footing. Resistance to sliding at the bottoms of the footings can be calculated based on a coefficient of friction of 0.35. Passive pressure of compacted backfill against the Kumar & Associates, lnc. @ Project No.2l.7-2'18 -6- sides of the footings can be calculated using an equivalent fluid unit weight of 325 pcf. The coefficient of friction and passive pressure values recommendecl above assume ultimate soil strength. Suitable factors of safety should be included in the design to limit the strain which will occur at the ultimate strength, particularly in the case of passive resistance. Fill placecl against tlre sides of the footings to resist lateral loads should be compacted to at least 95Yo of the maximnm stanclarcl Proctor clensity at a moisture content near optimum. NONSTRUCTURAL FLOOR SLABS Compacted structural fill can be used to support lightly loaded slab-on-grade construction separate from the building foundation. The fill soils can be compressible when wetted and can result in some post-construction settlement. To reduce the effects of some differential movement, nonstructural floor slabs should be separated from buildings to allow unrestrained vertical movement. Floor slab control joints should be used to reduce damage due to shrinkage cracking. The requirements for joint spacing and slab reinforcement should be established by the designer based on experience and the intended slab use. A minimum 4 inch layer of relatively well-graded sand and gravel, such as road base, should be placed beneath slabs as subgrade support. This material shoulcl consist of minus 2-inch aggregate with at least -50% retained on the No. 4 sieve and less than l2o/o passing the No. 200 sieve. All f,rll materials for support of floor slabs should be compacted to at least 95o/o of maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum. Required fill can consist of the on- site granular soils devoid of vegetation, topsoil and oversized rock. UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM It is our understanding the finished floor elevation at the lowest level is at or above the surrounding grade. Therefore, a foundation drain system is notrequired. It has been our experience in the areathat local perched groundwater can develop during times of heavy precipitation or seasonal runoff. Frozen ground during spring runoff can create a perched condition. 'We recommend below-grade construction, such as retaining walls, be protected from wctting and hydrostatic prcssurc buildup by an undcrdrain and wall drain systcm. If the finished floor elevation of the proposed structure has a floor level below the surrounding grade, we should be contacted to provide reçommendations for an underdrain system. All earth retaining structures should be properly drained. Kumar & Associates, lnc. o Project No.21-7-2'18 -1 SITE GRADING Extensive grading was performed as part of the existing Villas North development. Additional placement and compaction of structural fill soils could be needed to elevate the site to design grades and reduce the risk of excessive differential settlements and building distress. In addition, the water and sewer pipe joints should be mechanically restrained to reduce the risk ofjoint separation in the event of excessive differential settlement. Additional structural fill placed below foundation bearing level should be compacted to at least 98o/o of the maximum standard Proctor density within 2%o of optimum moisture content. Prior to fill placement, the subgrade should be carefully prepared by removing any vegetation and organic soils and compacting to at least95o/o of the maximum standard Proctor density af near optimum moisture content. The fill should be benched into slopes that exceed 20Yo grade. Permanent unretained cut and fill slopes should be graded at2hoizontal to 1 vertical or flatter and protected against erosion by revegetation or other means. This office should review site grading plans for the project prior to construction. SURFACE DRAINAGE Precautions to prevent wetting of the bearing soils, such as proper backfill construction, positive backfill slopes, restricting landscape irrigation and use of roof gutters, need to be taken to help limit settlement and building distress. The following drainage precautions should be observed during construction and maintained at all times after the residence has been completed: 1) Inundation of the building structural slab foundation excavations should be avoided during construction. 2) Exterior backfill should be adjusted to near optimum moisture and compacted to at least 95Yo of the maximum standard Proctor density in pavement and nonstructural slab areas and to at least 90o/o of the maximum standard Proctor density in landscape areas. 3) The ground surface surrounding the exterior of the building should be sloped to drain away from the foundation in all directions. We recommend a minimum slope of 6 inches in the first 5 feet in unpaved areas and a minimum slope of 3 inches in the first 10 feet in paved areas. Graded swales should have a minimum slope of 3%. 4) Roof downspouts and drains should discharge at least 5 feet beyond the foundation and preferably into a subsurface solid drainpipe. Kumar & Associates, lnc. @ Project No.2'l-7-218 -8- Landscaping which requires regular heavy irrigation should be located at least l0 feet from fbundation walls. Consideration should be given to use of xeriscape to reduce the potential for wetting of soils below the building caused by irrigation. LIMITATIONS 'l'his study has been conducted in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering principles and practices in this area at this time. We make no waranty either express or implied. The conclusions and recoÍrmendations submitted in this report are based upon the data obtained from the exploratory boring drilled at the location indicated on Figure l, the proposed type of construction and our experience in the area. Our services do not include determining the presence, prevention or possibility of mold or other biological contaminants (MOBC) developing in the future. If the client is concerned about MOBC, then a professional in this special field of practice should be consulted. Our findings include interpolation and extrapolation of the subsurface conditions identified at the exploratory boring and variations in the subsurface conditions may not become evident until excavation is performed. If conditions encountered during construction appear different from those described in this reporto we should be notified so that re-evaluation of the recommendations may be made. This report has been prepared for the exclusive use by our client for design purposes. 'We are not responsible for technical interpretations by others of our information. As the project evolves, we should provide continued consultation and field services during construction to review and monitor the implementation of our recoÍtmendations, and to veri$r that the recommendations have been appropriately interpreted. Significant design changes may require additional analysis or modifications to the recommendations presented herein. We recommend on-site observation of excavations and foundation bearing strata and testing of structural fill by a representative of the geotechnical engineer. Respectfully Submitted, Kumar & Steven L. Paw Reviewed by: E P.E SLPlkac s) Kumar & Associates, lnc. @ i Project No.21'7-218 EXISTING SINGLE TIER MSE WALL COMMON o LOT 284 t- LAI 282 1 - 5958 .'5960----. LOT 283 5957 5959 a "$ o BORING f APPOX¡MATE SCALE-FEET 21 -7 -218 Kumar & Associates LOCATION OF EXPLORATORY BORING Fig.1 21 /12 WC=9.7 DD= 1 06 - 200=5 1 BORING 1 EL.=5960'LEGEND FILL; MIXED SANDY SILT AND SILTY SAND WITH GRAVEL, VERY sTtFF/MtDtUM DENSE, SLTGHTLY lt,lo|SÏ, M|XED BRoWN. 31 /12 41/12 WC=8.9 DD= 1 25 -200=7 1 SILT AND CLAY (ML-CL); SANDY, STIFF, SLIGHTLY MO|ST, RED-BROWN. 5 (cu); BROWN, GRAVEL MOIST, SILTY, SANDY, COBBLES, DENSE, SLIGHTLY ROUND ROCK, ! I DRIVE SAMPLE, 2-INCH I.D. CALIFORNIA LINER SAMPLE. 10 33/6, 50/3 WC=5.9 DD=122 +4=30 -200=36 l- t¡JtdtL I-t-fL t¡Jo DRIVE SAMPLE, 1 3/8-|NCH t.D. SPLTT SP00N STANDARD PENITRATION TTST. 15 12/12 WC=8.4 DD='l 1 0 11 711DR|VE SAMPLE BLOW C0UNT. INDICATES THAT 31 BL0WS 0F"'t '' A 14o-pouND HAMMER FALLTNG J0 tNcHEs wERE REQUTRED TO DRIVE THE SAMPTER 12 INCHES. f enacrrcAL AUcER REFUSAL. 20 55/12 NOTES 1. THE EXPLORATORY BORING WAS DRILLED ON MARCH 22, 2021 WITH A 4-INCH DIAMETER CONTINUOUS FLIGHT POWER AUGER. 2 THE LOCATION OF THE EXPLORATORY BORING WAS MIASURED APPROXIMATTLY BY PACING FROM FEATURIS SHOWN ON THE SITE PLAN PROVIDED. 25 3 THE ELEVATION OF ÏHE EXPLORATORY BORING WAS OBTAINED BY INTERPOLATION BETWEEN CONTOURS ON THE SITE PLAN PROVIDED. 4. ÏHE EXPTORATORY BORING LOCATION AND ELEVATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERID ACCURATE ONLY IO THE DEGREE IMPLIED BY THE METHOD USED. 5. THE LINES BETWEEN MATERIALS SHOWN ON THE EXPLORATORY BORING LOG REPRESENT THE APPROXIMATE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN MATERIAL TYPES AND THE TRANSITIONS MAY BE GRADUAL. 6. GROUNDWATER WAS NOT ENCOUNTERED IN THE BORING AT THE TIME OF DRILLING. 7, LABORATORY TEST RESULTS: WC = WATER CONTENT (%) (ASTM D 2216); DD = DRY DENSITY (PCt) (ISTV D 2216); +4 = PERCENTAGE RETAINED 0N N0.4 SIEVE (ASTM D 6913); -200 = PERCENTAGE PASSING N0. 200 SIEVE (ASTM D 1140). 21 -7 -218 Kumar & Associates LOG OF EXPLORATORY BORING Fis. 2 SAMPLE 0F: Scndy Silt ond Cloy FROM: Boring 1 @ 15' WC = 8.4 %, DD = 110 pcf l Ì '.-_l l ti l i I l I l ; ii i I I I aomplca Bholl not Th.tætcd. bc rcproduGd, Th.rc t.!l raults full, w¡thout lh. writtrn opprcvol of Kumor ond Aaloc¡otc!, lnc. Swall Comol¡dotion lc3tlng prrfom.d ¡n occordoncc w¡th ASIU D-4546. l I I l I l l EXPANSION UNDER CONSTANT PRESSURE UPON WETTING I I .1... t rl l L ril il I lti ,l .ll I ll :i Iil l ili lr l l li i l 1 I i I l l l ) l I ri I li l lr i I Il Ii. i I I i ,ì.l l 1 I I I l l I I I I I I l i i 1 I l 1 o\ JJ l¡J =tJ1 I z.oË ô =otnzo() 0 -1 2 1.0 APPLIED PRESSURE - KSF 10 t00 21 -7 -218 Kumar & Associates SWELL_CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS Fig.3 HYDROMETER ANALYSIS TIME READINGS ¿4 HRS 7 HRS U.S. STANDARÞ SERIES CLEAR SOUARE OPENINCS \/aâ t/l' 1 1/r' I ì L I I I I l 2 t p 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 JO 20 lo o t0 20 50 4U 50 50 70 80 90 ã u .001 ,002 .oo5 .009 .019 .057 .075 .'t 50 .300 I .600 t.18 I 2.36 1.75,125 2.O PARTICLES IN MILLIMETERSOIAMETER OF CLAY TO SILT COBBLES GRAVEL 30 % SAND 31 % LIQUID LIMIT - PLASTICITY INDEX SAMPLE OF: Silty Sond ond Grovel (Fill) SILT AND CLAY 36 % FROM:Boring1Ol0' Th6s6 losl rosulls opply only lo lho surilplcs wlìlçh w€19 l!9lsd. The l€sllng rcporl sholl nol b! roproduced, cxccpl ln lull, wllhoul ihr wrltlrnqpprovol of Kumor & Assoclol€s, lnc. Sbvc qnqlysl3 t€sllng ls porformod ln occordqnco wlth ASTM 069,l5, ASTM D7928, ASTM c136 ondlor AsfM 01140. SAND GRAVEL COARSEFINEMEDIUMCOARSEFIN E 21 -7 -218 Kumar & Associates GRADATION TEST RESULTS Fig. 4 I(a åiffifi:ffi,Ëffn'""Ê;n'*'*TABLE 1SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTSSOIL TYPESandy Silt with Gravel(Fil)Very Sandy Silt withGravel (Fill)Silty Sand and Gravel (Fill)Sandy Silt and Claylosf)UNCONFINEDCOMPRESSIVESTRENGÏH(%lPLASTICINDEX17ATTERBERG LIMITS('/"1LIQUID LIMITPERCENTPASSING NO.200 stEVE1536(f/,)SAND34GRADATION("/"1GRAVEL30BORINGLOCATIONDEPTHNATURALDRYDENSITYNATURALMOISTURECONTENTt25106t221108.99.15.98.44701511No.21-7-2'18